A Study Of Marx’s Theory And Practice Of "Combining Education And Labor

The "combination of education and productive labor"(hereinafter referred to as“education-labor combination”)is a mechanism for reconciling the problem of the opposition between the individual and the social community.From the perspective that practice governs the development of the relationship between man and society,Marx pointed out the significance of the “education-labor combination” in regulating the relationship between man and society.As a being capable of constant self-denial and self-transcendence,man brings infinite possibilities for the development of human society and makes the relationship between man and society a pair of contradictions in continuous movement and change.Although the actual forms of man and society have different expressions in different historical stages,negativity is always the dialectical unity of the relationship between man and society,which means that man creates society through practice,and the created society influences and regulates man’s development as an objective and relational existence.In the process of mutual regulation and negation,man and society are constantly moving toward a higher level of unity.This negative relationship is the driving force of human historical progress.Based on Marx’s theory,the three forms of human social development,human freedom,and emancipation will be truly realized in a communist society,where class,state,and other forms of confrontation between man and society will be eliminated.As a result,man and society will achieve a high level of harmony and unity in the association of free people,i.e.,both man and society will achieve comprehensive development.The interaction between man and society in the field of practice makes it necessary to interpret the development of man and society from the perspective of the relationship between the two and to open the movement of the relationship between man and society to the future.The “education-labor combination” shows the macro logic of the interaction between man and society and their joint transformation,connotes the unity of subject and object,and can promote the harmony of man and society.As a concrete form of practical activities,education,and productive labor bridge the relationship between man and society by connecting productivity and production relations,the fundamental contradiction of human society Education enables people to understand more scientifically the social relations of their time and to inherit the productive forces accumulated in the socio-historical stage through the intermediary of cultural knowledge,while production practice enables people to create the productive living conditions they need and to change the existing unreasonable social relations.Only by changing the properties of social relations can we change the educational practices that help people understand the world,which means that we must insist on “education-labor combination” to regulate the relationship between man and society.In terms of harmonizing the relationship between man and society,we should not limit ourselves to education in terms of education,but change the metaphysical form of traditional education,and promote a more harmonious development of the relationship between man and society by combining education and productive labor and unifying the two active activities of man in understanding the world and transforming it.The effectiveness of the “education-labor combination” in the reconciliation of human and social relations is influenced by the level of productivity and the nature of social relations in a specific stage.Marx included the “education-labor combination” in the "ten principles" to be practiced in the future society,meanwhile,he also encouraged the integration of the demand for the “education-labor combination” into the workers’ movement in the capitalist era and the initial practice of the working class in capitalist society.Because capital,as the absolute being that rules the production and life of people in capitalist society,frames human existence and social development in terms of the exchange value of things,people become isolated abstract beings.Education and productive labor under the control of capital both serve the accumulation of surplus value and present a separate status quo.On the one hand,capitalists control the workers’ right to education and arrange rationalistic education based on knowledge,as a result,man is unable to understand social relations accurately;on the other hand,wage labor does not allow man to realize his true essential power,depriving him of the opportunity and ability to create himself and transform society,thus preventing him from being completely ruled by social abstraction.Moreover,the more developed capitalism becomes,the heavier the shackled social relations become,leading to the abstraction of the relationship between man and society,the one-sided development of a large number of workers,and the cyclical development crisis in all areas of society.Based on the phenomenon of "separation of education and labor" in capitalist society,which aggravates the confrontation between man and society,and the possibility of“education-labor combination” offered by the development of machine industry,Marx proposed the idea of “education-labor combination” to reconcile the relationship between man and society.The idea of “education-labor combination” to reconcile the relationship between man and society was proposed and initially put into practice in capitalist society.Although it took the form of combining education and wage labor,it still played a historical role in raising workers’ literacy and awareness of struggle,and prepared workers to organize workers’ movements,participate in revolutionary struggles,and take over power.China’s development of Marx’s theory and practice of the “education-labor combination” includes both the conversion and inheritance of the basic principles of the “education-labor combination” and the study of the “education-labor combination”practice in the Soviet socialist countries.The development of the theory and practice of the “education-labor combination” is not only the inheritance of the basic principles of the “education-labor combination”,but also the learning from the practice of the“education-labor combination” in the Soviet socialist countries,and the accurate grasp of the actual development of the Chinese socialist cause.“Education-labor combination”,as a part of the educational policy under the leadership of the Party,its practical content is influenced by the relationship between man and society at each stage of history.In each historical stage of the Party’s leadership,the “education-labor combination” has presented a variety of objectives,flexible and diverse contents,and specific and rich forms of practice.The “education-labor combination” has realized the transformation from relying on agriculture to relying on industry,and its implementation has taken the form of "comprehensive technical education" and "labor education" in the school education system The "integration of industry-universityresearch" and other forms of non-institutionalized education for working people in the production workplace.In retrospect,the “education-labor combination” has been misinterpreted because it is equated with manual labor,exaggerated because of policy changes,or weakened because it is suppressed by examination-based education.However,in terms of the overall development of history,the “education-labor combination” has effectively promoted a harmonious relationship between man and society.The history of the development of the “education-labor combination” proves the necessity of implementing this principle,and the need to constantly innovate the specific content and practice of this principle.Since the new era,Xi Jinping has attached importance to the relevance of " education-labor combination " and deepened the practice of " education-labor combination" by strengthening labor education and other initiatives,aiming to provide comprehensive developmental talents for the construction of Chinese style modernization and the realization of the goal of a strong socialist modern state.The aim is to provide comprehensive human resources for the construction of Chinese modernization and the realization of the goal of a strong socialist modernization.The development of the theory and practice of "educationlabor combination " in the new era should be oriented to the goal of realizing a solid socialist modern state,aiming at solving the current problem of one-sided development of man in terms of moral,intellectual,physical,aesthetic and labor,and dovetailing with the innovation-driven development strategy.It should highlight the value of individual subjectivity in the specific content of “education-labor combination” in the context of digitalization,and constantly innovate the form of combining education and production work,improve the effectiveness of “education-labor combination” in educating people,and give full play to “education-labor combination” in building a two-way relationship between man and society.The positive effect of “education-labor combination” on the construction of socialist modernization with two-way development of man and society.