Research On The Multidimensional Poverty Reduction Effects Of Basic Public Services For Persons With Disabilities

Disability is a common challenge faced by countries around the world in terms of population development,and poverty caused by disability is one of the main difficulties and challenges faced by China’s poverty governance work.Since the reform and opening up,China has vigorously promoted poverty alleviation and reduction for people with disabilities,and achieved a comprehensive victory in poverty alleviation in2020,thus entering the post poverty alleviation era.With the continuous deepening of poverty awareness and understanding,multidimensional poverty has been increasingly valued and become a key focus of poverty governance work.Due to physical and structural barriers,people with disabilities are extremely impoverished and vulnerable,facing more serious risks of returning to poverty and multidimensional difficulties.Basic public services for people with disabilities are an important component of the national public service system.By meeting the legitimate demands of people with disabilities and safeguarding their rights to survival and development,it has become an important empowerment measure and resource supplement for people with disabilities who have insufficient poverty alleviation capabilities.In order to adapt to the transformation of poverty governance goals,it is particularly important to explore the development direction and optimization measures of basic public services for people with disabilities from a multidimensional poverty reduction perspective.In view of this,this article studies the multidimensional poverty reduction effects of basic public services for people with disabilities,which will be of great significance for the comprehensive development of people with disabilities and the promotion of common prosperity.This article conducts research using the logical approach of “theoretical analysis-poverty and service assessment-poverty reduction effect analysis-conclusions and recommendations”.Among them,the evaluation of multidimensional poverty and the supply level of basic public services for people with disabilities is the data basis for studying the relationship between the two.Due to the lack of statistical data on people with disabilities,understanding of disability services and poverty often falls at the theoretical level.The presentation of objective data can more intuitively reflect the poverty situation of people with disabilities and the development dynamics of social services.Therefore,the presentation of poverty and service evaluation results for people with disabilities is more meaningful and valuable.The analysis of poverty reduction effects includes the direct impact and mechanism of basic public services for people with disabilities on multidimensional poverty,with a focus on the multidimensional poverty reduction effects of different types of services.Different service areas not only have differences in policy goals and priorities,but also have varying effects on improving the multidimensional poverty situation of people with disabilities.Therefore,the focus of research should be on how to optimize the supply structure of service systems to achieve more effective multidimensional poverty reduction effects.Through research on different types of services,this article can provide a more accurate understanding of the role and importance of different services in multidimensional poverty reduction,in order to promote the optimization of supply structure.At the same time,in order to further interpret the relationship between basic public services for people with disabilities and multidimensional poverty,the study validates the channels for stimulating health promotion,skill enhancement,and employment willingness to construct a poverty reduction path of “external policy support-internal human capital and endogenous power-external explicit poverty”.The main research conclusions of this article are as follows:Firstly,based on the multidimensional poverty theory,social rights concept,relevant policies and literature,a multidimensional poverty indicator system suitable for individuals with disabilities has been constructed,including six dimensions:economy,healthcare,housing,education,employment,and social participation.The AF double critical method is used to measure the breadth,depth and comprehensive index of multidimensional poverty of the disabled in Jilin Province,and it is broken down according to different dimensions,disability levels,disability categories and registered residence.The measurement results indicate that,firstly,the poverty alleviation work for people with disabilities has achieved significant results.The multidimensional poverty situation has been significantly improved from 2016 to 2020,and this improvement mainly comes from the decrease in the breadth of poverty among people with disabilities,that is,the decrease in the number of impoverished people with disabilities.The depth of poverty alleviation still needs to be further strengthened and improved,that is,to enhance the quality of life and stability of people with disabilities who have already been lifted out of poverty.Secondly,the deprivation of medical insurance,housing,and education has a relatively low contribution rate to the multidimensional poverty index for people with disabilities.The deprivation of income,employment,and social participation of people with disabilities has become the main driving dimension for the occurrence of multidimensional poverty among people with disabilities.This indicates that the basic survival needs of people with disabilities have been met,but in the post poverty alleviation era,the focus of poverty governance for people with disabilities needs to shift towards a combination of ensuring survival and promoting development,including improving employment opportunities for people with disabilities,digital adaptability,and social participation.Finally,there is heterogeneity in the multidimensional poverty situation of people with disabilities at different levels,categories,and between urban and rural areas.The multidimensional poverty index of extremely vulnerable groups such as severe,intellectual,spiritual,and multiple disabled individuals is higher than that of other groups,which becomes a difficulty in consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation.Although disabled people in urban areas have an advantage in education,they are more severely deprived in terms of income,employment,and social participation.It is crucial to develop and implement targeted poverty alleviation strategies for different dimensions of urban and rural poverty.Secondly,based on policy documents such as public service planning and their elaboration on the connotation of basic public services for people with disabilities,and drawing on relevant research to construct an evaluation index system for the level of basic public services for people with disabilities,including rehabilitation services,employment services,accessible environment services,cultural sports services,and social security services.Through the calculation of the comprehensive supply level and different types of basic public services for people with disabilities in Jilin Province during the 13 th Five Year Plan period,it is found that the comprehensive service supply level in each region(city)is relatively low.Although the development level between regions is relatively balanced,there is a clear imbalance in the supply of basic public services within the region,especially in areas with higher levels of economic development,where internal disparities are more significant.It is worth noting that in the long run,the gap within regions is gradually narrowing,indicating that the imbalance in the supply of basic public services for people with disabilities is continuously decreasing,indicating that policies and resource allocation are gradually moving towards a more balanced direction.Secondly,the supply level of basic public services for people with disabilities varies among different types.The supply level of social security ranks first,followed by rehabilitation services,which are significantly higher than employment services,accessibility services,and cultural and sports services,while employment services are the most underdeveloped.During the 13 th Five Year Plan period,rehabilitation services and social security have become the focus of special fields of attention,while the supply of employment services,accessible environments,and cultural and sports services is relatively lacking.Thirdly,through empirical research combining macro and micro data on the relationship between basic public services for people with disabilities and multidimensional poverty,it was found that: firstly,there are significant differences in the poverty reduction effects of different types of basic public services on multidimensional poverty among people with disabilities.The poverty reduction effect of social security on multidimensional poverty is most obvious,indicating that basic material security occupies a core position in the lives of people with disabilities.The multidimensional poverty reduction effect of employment services is second only to social security,indicating that the supply of employment services is crucial for the quality of life of people with disabilities.In contrast,although cultural,sports,and accessible environment services meet the higher-level needs of people with disabilities,their poverty reduction effects are not as direct and significant as the first two when living standards are not high.Rehabilitation services are limited by their quality,effectiveness,and duration,and their role in multidimensional poverty reduction is relatively weak.Secondly,basic public services for people with disabilities have different poverty reduction effects on different dimensions of poverty.Employment services are the most direct and effective way to alleviate economic and employment poverty;Social security services play a crucial role in alleviating poverty in healthcare,housing,education,and social participation.This indicates that the poverty reduction effect of each type of service is not singular,but rather the targeted nature of basic public services and their spillover effects jointly affect multiple dimensions of the lives of people with disabilities.At the same time,the relationship between basic public services for people with disabilities and multidimensional poverty is also influenced by the disability level,disability category,and urban-rural differences of people with disabilities.Fourthly,in constructing a mediating effect model between basic public services for people with disabilities and multidimensional poverty,the study reveals several key pathways through which basic public services play a role in alleviating multidimensional poverty among people with disabilities.Specifically,the integration of disability and disease,occupational skills,and employment willingness are all pathways through which basic public services for people with disabilities affect multidimensional poverty.That is,basic public services improve the multidimensional poverty situation of people with disabilities by exerting health promotion effects,occupational skill enhancement effects,and employment willingness stimulation effects.All three effects belong to partial mediating effects.Among these three effects,for people with disabilities who have the ability to work,improving vocational skills is the most efficient way to reduce poverty.This path directly enhances the competitiveness of people with disabilities in the labor market by enhancing their personal technical abilities,thereby bringing them better employment opportunities and social participation opportunities.Employment willingness is the desire and motivation of people with disabilities to participate in work.Although its transmission effect is not as direct as skill enhancement,it is the foundation for achieving long-term stable employment.The transmission effect of health often takes a long time to become prominent,and is influenced by factors such as investment and accessibility of medical rehabilitation resources,resulting in a more limited promotion of health transmission compared to skill enhancement and employment motivation.In addition,in the path analysis of the impact of employment willingness on multidimensional poverty of people with disabilities in social security,it was found that employment willingness does not play a mediating effect in the relationship between the two,but a masking effect.That is,due to the negative incentive of social security on employment willingness of people with disabilities,its poverty reduction effect on multidimensional poverty decreases,indicating the existence of welfare dependence phenomenon in the group of people with disabilities.Based on the exploration of the development dynamics and relationship between basic public services for people with disabilities and multidimensional poverty during the 13 th Five Year Plan period,the aim is to provide guidance and reference for optimizing the basic public service system for people with disabilities to alleviate multidimensional poverty.Therefore,this study proposes to promote the construction of a basic public service system for people with disabilities by transforming poverty alleviation goals,strengthening poverty monitoring,increasing poverty alleviation entities,expanding poverty alleviation scope,improving poverty alleviation efficiency,and expanding poverty reduction channels.Specifically,policy recommendations include building diversified service supply entities,improving service supply levels,and optimizing service supply structures.