Research On Sports Facilities Supplied By Private Enterprises

Sports facilities are the important material basis to meet the people’s fitness needs and to create a better life,which not only serve as powerful grips to promote the sports industry and expand sports consumption,but also serve as important indexes and contents to implement the strategy of national fitness and build a sports powerful nation.The party and the government attach great importance to the development of sports facilities.General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes that the construction of national fitness venues and facilities will be included in the "14th Five Year Plan" and the index of healthy China,Premier Li Keqiang presides over the executive meeting of the State Council and points out to strengthen the construction of national fitness venues and facilities.From the perspective of supply subject,private enterprises are an important part of sports facilities supply.But at present,the main body of sports facilities supply in China are institutions and state-owned enterprises.Due to the lack of relevant policies,regulations and consumption environment,the vitality of sports facilities provided by private enterprises has not been effectively stimulated.Therefore,in order to encourage and guide private enterprises to participate in the supply of sports venues and facilities,a series of policy documents have been issued by the government and relevant departments,such as "opinions on promoting national fitness and sports consumption,promoting high-quality development of sports industry","outline of building a sports power" and "opinions on strengthening the construction of national fitness facilities and developing mass sports",the main contents of which are the construction of sports facilities and attracting social capital investment.According to the report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party,changing the functions of the government,deepening the simplification of administration and decentralization,building a service-oriented government that people are satisfied with,introducing private enterprise supply,are not only an important part of promoting the construction of service-oriented government,but also an important direction of future development.The supply of sports facilities by private enterprises can enrich the main body of supply,increase the number of sports facilities,improve the quality of service,accurately meet the needs of the masses for fitness,solve the contradiction between supply and demand of sports facilities,and thoroughly implement the people-centered development concept.This paper starts with the outstanding problem of sports facilities provided by private enterprises,applying literature review,field research,expert interviews and mathematical statistics,and takes the separation of public service provision and production theory,private supply theory of quasi-public goods,governance theory and new public management theory as the guidance.Using the content analysis method and with the help of Nvivo software,this paper studies the interview text of private enterprises,summarizes the current situation and existing problems of private enterprises’ supply of sports facilities.On the basis of fully learning from the experience of domestic and foreign private enterprises in providing sports facilities,it constructs the mode of private enterprises’ supply of sports facilities,and puts forward specific development countermeasures from the aspects of land use,financing and policy.In order to provide theoretical basis and practical reference for promoting private enterprises to provide sports facilities.The findings are as follows:(1)The paper analyzes the present situation of sports facilities supply by private enterprises from the aspects of relevant supporting policies,the number of participating projects,supply modes,supply contents and land souuces.By using content analysis method,this paper analyzes the interview text of the person in charge of private enterprises,and points out that the practical problems of private enterprises lie in:firstly,it is difficult to obtain the land use right,and the leased land is faced with demolition risk due to unclear service life.Secondly,the principled policies supporting private enterprises to participate in supply are clear,but the relevant supporting policies are lacking.Thirdly,the construction and operation cost are high,and the use of sports facilities is low.Fourthly,the investment in the maintenance of sports facilities is insufficient and lack of special funds.Fifthly,the"supply and demand dislocation" of banks and enterprises makes it difficult for private enterprises to raise funds.Sixthly,the ability of private enterprises needs to be improved,and the corporate governance structure has not yet been established.(2)Combined with the actual development of sports facilities in China,this paper summarizes the mode of private enterprises supplying sports facilities.The first is the government-led supply mode of sports facilities,including public construction and private operation(G-M)and PPP mode(G&M-M);the second is market-oriented sports facilities supply mode,including private construction and operation(M-M)and supply of private enterprises under government subsidy(M-G);the third is multi-supply mode led by non-profit organizations(S-M-G),and each mode is analyzed in detail;the forth is the comparative analysis of the three modes of private enterprises supplying sports facilities.In practice,the corresponding modes can be selected according to local conditions to further enrich the masses’ sports facilities products and services.(3)Land is an important factor restricting private enterprises to participate in sports facilities.Private enterprises participating in sports facilities are difficult to obtain the land use right,go through the relevant planning permission procedures,lack of planning and construction guidance,and can’t enjoy the real estate tax and urban land use preferential policies.Learning from the land use experience of Guangzhou,Wenzhou and Ningbo,private enterprises are encouraged to use independent sports land,residential area construction,old factory buildings,park green space,lake land and reserve land to build sports facilities.In addition,taking private enterprises’ participation in the transformation of sports facilities in old factory buildings as a typical case,it is considered that the private enterprises’ participation in the transformation of sports facilities in old factories faces the following problems:firstly,it is difficult to handle the follow-up approval procedures due to the nature of industrial land;secondly,the transitional policy is not clear,and after the transition period,the mode of land supply is single;thirdly,there is a lack of operation guidelines for the transformation of sports facilities in old factories.(4)This paper studies the participation of private enterprises in the supply of sports facilities from two aspects of financing and policy.As far as financing is concerned,the participation of private enterprises is faced with the problems of single financing mode,narrow financing channels,difficulty in meeting the needs of private enterprises and small scale of enterprises themselves.Five financing modes are summed up,namely,private enterprise’s own capital or capital financing mode,BOT mode,intangible assets financing mode,debt financing mode and stadium investment fund.As far as policy is concerned,this paper uses the method of policy text analysis to study the relevant policies from the aspects of policy-making subject,policy text type and policy content.The main body of policy documents is the State Council,the general office of the State Council and the General Administration of sports of China.The types of policy texts are mainly "opinions" and "planning".Among them,"planning" documents account for a large proportion,and the contents of policy texts are mainly macro policies such as encouraging enterprises to participate.Based on Smith’s policy implementation process model,there are some problems in the process of policy implementation,such as the lack of operability of the policy itself,the poor policy implementation mechanism,the lack of identification and support of the target groups,and the policy environment needs to be further improved.Based on the above research,this paper puts forward the following suggestions from the three aspects of land use,financing and policy of private enterprises to supply sports facilities:(1)in terms of land use,we should establish joint conference system to clarify the responsibilities of departments;simplify the approval procedures and build temporary sports facilities;compound use of public land to expand construction space;clear land use policies to ensure the use of sports facilities.(2)In terms of financing,we should broaden financing channels and reduce financing risks,explore diversified financing methods and gradually reduce financing costs,innovate financing products and services to meet the diversified financing needs of private enterprises,strengthen the construction of enterprises and improve the corporate governance structure.(3)In terms of policies,we should encourage government enterprise cooperation to attract social capital investment,improve enterprise incentive mechanism and implement the policy of replacing subsidies with awards,increase investment in construction and operation funds,reduce the operating costs of private enterprises,optimize the policies of property tax and urban land use tax,and accelerate the implementation of hydropower,gas and heat prices.