Research On Model Construction And Current Situation Of Parental Competence For Parents Of Rural Infants Aged 0-3

Rural infants aged 0-3(referred to as “rural infants” in the text)is related to country’s human capital accumulation and social justice,which is growing in attention.Parental competence is as the key of the development of rural infants,which is the focus of parental programs in many countries and make positive effect.Under the background of urban-rural dual differentiation,the parental competence of rural infants faces seriously challenges.Therefore,it’s necessary to develop parental competence research of rural infant including clarifying the model structure,investigating current situation and influence factors,which will provide a scientific basis for improving the quality of family education and the development of rural infants.Based on the above background,this research adopts the mixed methods,combining the competence model theory,family system theory,Bourdieu capital theory and the fourth generation assessment theory,starting from the three aspects including competence model construction,current situation and influence factors measurement.First of all,constructing parental competence model of rural infants.Establishing the value orientation and main basis for the parental competence model of rural infants,whereafter,the behavioral event interview method and the Delphi method are used to construct initial model,the questionnaire is developed according to the initial model and the model is tested through a large sample survey,establishing the construction of parental competence,clarifying the “ideal” state of parental competence of rural infants.Secondly,investigating the current situation.Applying the questionnaire investigates the overall level and group difference of parental competence of rural infant to clarify the “real” state of the parental competence of rural infants.Finally,investing the influence factors.According to the dual perspective of variable-centered and individualcentered,this study invests the influence factors of the parental competence of rural infants,explore the gap between “ideal” and “real” state.The findings are as follows: firstly,this study construct a pyramidal model of rural infant parents’ competence including five competence characteristics and sixteen competence factors.The five competence characteristics are influence characteristics,development characteristics,parenting efficacy,achievement characteristics and care characteristics.There is significant correlation among each competence characteristic.What’s more,influence characteristics includes initiative,flexibility,cooperation and interpersonal communication.Development characteristics includes habits cultivation and ability cultivation.Parenting efficacy includes confidence and self-control.Achievement characteristics includes desire for achievement,learning ability and reflective ability.And care characteristics includes responsibility,understanding ability,emotional acceptance,accompanying ability and safety awareness.Secondly,in the aspect of current situation,the overall parental competence of rural infants is at a medium level.And the development of each competence characteristic is extremely unbalanced,at the same time,the type differentiation is obvious,the types of development,qualified and excellent coexist.In the aspect of geography,the parental competence of rural infants in the eastern region is higher than that in the central and western regions.Moreover,in the aspect of demographic variables,the parental competence of rural infants exists many differences in the parental personal characteristics,child characteristics and family structures.Thirdly,the influence factors of parental competence of rural infants is complex and multilayered.On the one hand,from the perspective of variable-centered,the overall parental competence of rural infants is directly affected by environmental factors(social support),personal factors(work-family conflict)and family factors(quality of marriage,grandparentpaternity consistency and child vulnerability),and environmental factors also indirectly affect parental competence of rural infants through personal and family factors.On the other hand,from the perspective of individual-centered,the level of parental competence of excellent,qualified and developed rural infants decrease sequentially.And the relation with protective influencing factors such as grandparent-paternity consistency,marriage quality and social support also shows decreasing trend,but the relation with the risk influencing factor such as work-family conflicts shows increased trend.Based on the research findings,improving the competence of rural infant parents can be started from the following five aspects: firstly,parental competence model of rural infants is applied to guide family education practice;secondly,combined parenting education is implemented make up for the shortcomings of the parental competence of rural infants;thirdly,resource compensation is increased to enhance the parental competence of rural infants of central and western area;fourthly,we can optimize the internal and external environment of the parental competence of rural infants by formulating family-friendly policies;fifthly,carrying out accurate family education guidance according to the type of the parental competence of rural infants.