| Urbanization is the road one must follow for a country’s modernization development,which is mainly manifested in the migration and settlement of rural population to cities,the continuous expansion of urban space to the surrounding rural areas and the gradual urbanization of rural lifestyle.Data from the seventh national census show that China’s urbanization rate reached 63.89%,and the floating population was 376 million,an increase of nearly 70% in the past 10 years.The trend of population gathering in big cities and urban agglomerations is more obvious.In the past 40 years,the main flow of population in China has been from farmers to cities.A dual structure of urban and rural population has been constructed on the household registration system,which restricts urban residents from sharing urban resources and social public services.Contribute to urban construction and development of farming and animal husbandry shift at the edge of the city population,however,their working life in the city for a long time,such a strong appetite,way of life,consumption idea,value idea "infect" by the city culture,rural become familiar and strange,become the city the loser at the end of the guarantee and entrust the symbol of homesickness,melt into the city and don’t want to return to rural agriculture and animal husbandry Job transfer population is double "disengaged" people.An open and inclusive city must be a multi-symbiotic social aggregate.Against the background that mobility has become a social norm,safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the disadvantaged groups in cities and maintaining social fairness and justice test the ability of urban governance.In the process of rapid urbanization,cities and towns at all levels across the country have developed and expanded rapidly.The development of the western region further accelerates the modernization process of the central and western regions.The development of small and medium-sized cities in the central and western regions is closely related to the strong promotion of the government.This paper takes the migrant population from farming and animal husbandry in Tibet County,Gansu Province as the research object,and specifically goes into Tianzhu Tibetan County,Xiahe County,and Zhouqu geological disaster resettlement site in Lanzhou New Area to study the driving force,current situation,action logic and practice path of citizenization in small and medium-sized cities.The practical paths of urbanization are complex and diverse,including passive urbanization led by the government and the initiative of farmers and herdsmen to enter cities.The author selected several types of urbanization forms to conduct case studies in the cities and towns investigated.In Tianzhu County,the author studied ecological migrant citizenization and accompanying study citizenization;in Xiahe County,the author studied landless farmers’ citizenization;and in Lanzhou New Area,the author studied Zhouqu geological disaster relocation immigrant citizenization.In addition to the accompanying citizenization,which is jointly promoted by the government and the masses,the other types are all passive citizenization led by the government.Agricultural migrants who move to big cities can freely move between urban and rural areas,while government-led citizenization is mostly integrated,with families of farmers and herdsmen moving to cities.There is no doubt that urban consumption is much higher than that in rural areas.Industrial and commercial development in small and medium-sized cities in the central and western regions lags behind,and it is difficult for farmers and herdsmen in cities to get full employment in county towns.In order to maintain their urban consumption,the main labor force of the family chooses to work and do business in big cities,leaving the elderly and children in the county towns,forming a new left-behind group.Ecological migration type of citizenization.Ecological migration in the new physical space,cultural space and psychological space to rebuild a new livelihood mode,social relationship network,community collective culture and identity.The process of transformation,adaptation,and remodeling is influenced by the "original" identity.Farmers and herdsmen believe that they are responding to the government’s call to relocate and deserve more satisfactory compensation.The gap and tension between expectation and reality make farmers and herdsmen have blurred role consciousness and lost identity.Employment is the basis for herdsmen to settle down,embed and integrate into the city.Local governments need to combine resource input and social support with the endogenous motivation to stimulate herdsmen to find diversified ways to make a living,so as to find an effective way for herdsmen to achieve sustainable development in the city.The relationship between accompanying citizenization,education and the urbanization development of small and medium-sized cities is complex,and they are goals,causes and results of each other.The pursuit of high quality education resources is one of the main goals of rural population moving to county.The rapid development of urbanization and the expansion of urban space have brought about large population mobility and the concentration of rural population to the county seat.School-age teenagers follow their parents to the city and receive education in the county seat.Urbanization development is both the cause and result of educational urbanization.Accompanying students to study will undoubtedly greatly increase family expenditure.How to accompany students to study and what kind of accompanying students to practice require farmers’ families to make rational choices based on their resources,family economic ability,human capital of family members and the principle of comparative advantage.Land is an important means of production that farmers rely on for their survival and development.It is the foundation of agriculture and the root of farmers.After labor economy rise,farmers’ dependence on land,but land for farmers is not dispensable,the farmers’ consciousness of land is the guarantee of basic survival bottom line,they are difficult to take root in the city in the future can be returned to the countryside to live,farmers lost their land is uncertainty about the future life is full of worries.Especially in their own human capital is difficult to improve and the social security system is not sound in the reality of the dilemma,most of the land-lost farmers have difficulty in the transformation of citizenship,in the urban replication of rural life style,is the lost land laid-off farmers.The differences in ethnic composition,geographical space and external resource input between Longgeertang Village and Maliantan Village in Xiahe County lead to different development status,models and social stratification of the two villages in the wave of urbanization and industrialization.It is a rational,economic,ecological and long-term choice to get out of the space subsidence when one side of soil and water cannot support one side.Zhouqu county geological disasters,some areas can not carry normal production activities of human society,the comprehensive analysis of people’s life and property security,governance and relocation benefits "calculator",consolidate the development crucial achievements and promote rural poverty in northeast "long-term accounts",resources development and utilization,and natural environment of "ecological ",the government will distribution of geological disasters in the area People move across regions to Lanzhou New Area,thousands of miles of relocation,living space changes,bring immigrants production and life style,consumption mode,social relations and values of the change,remodeling and reconstruction.The spatial advantages of resettlement in the periphery of the city accelerate the mobility,urbanization and stratification of migrant communities,and further promote the diversification of non-agricultural livelihoods of migrants.The first generation of immigrants has the characteristics of transition and urban-rural duality.Their children receive education in cities and are deeply influenced by urban culture.Cities will be their final choice,that is,the second generation of immigrants is expected to achieve complete urbanization.This paper focuses on the practice and identity transformation of farmers and herdsmen entering cities under the background of county urbanization.The county connection urban and rural areas.They are the main fields for rural population to practice urbanization.Rural factors,human resources and agricultural products mainly flow to the county seat,while resources,information and technology of the county seat mainly radiate to the countryside.This not only provides a guarantee for the integrated development of urban and rural areas,but also gathers strength for rural revitalization.It can be concluded that the two main practical paths of county urbanization in the central and western regions are as follows: first,the government’s strong promotion;Second,it is driven by big cities in different places.County urbanization is the result of the development of new urbanization.Urbanization based on county seat should take into account the goals of new urbanization and rural revitalization.How county urbanization serves rural revitalization and promotes urban-rural integration is an issue that needs further consideration in this paper. |
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