Citizenization And The Differences In Employment Opportunities For Agricultural Transfer Population

In the context of the new era,a sound unified urban and rural labor market is an inevitable requirement for the all-round construction of the Chinese Xiaokang.In order to accelerate the construction of a unified urban and rural labor market and promote the free flow of urban and rural labor,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China(CPC)and the State Council issued the opinions on accelerating the construction of a unified national big market on March 25,2022,in order to break down the institutional barriers that restrict the free flow of urban and rural labor.However,China’s long-standing household registration system continues to affect the status of agricultural transfer population in the urban labor market.The existing research shows that the agricultural transfer population have settled down in urban areas is beneficial to eliminate the differences in social status and wages between urban and rural residents,but the employment opportunity effect of rural-urban migration remains to be studied.Therefore,from the perspective of the impact of urbanization on employment opportunities,this paper reveals the importance of removing the household registration system barriers to the construction of a unified urban and rural labor market.Based on the data of China’s comprehensive social survey(CGSS)in2013,2015,2017 and 2018,this paper focuses on the rural-urban migrants,this paper studies the difference of employment opportunity of agricultural transfer population by using multivariate Logit model,and compares the employment opportunity effect of human capital among different household registration groups.Compared with the existing literature,this article has carried on the following expansion and deepening:first,on the basis of agricultural household registration and urban household registration,it divides the agricultural transfer population residents with the transitional nature,this paper studies the differences of employment opportunities between rural-urban migrants,migrant workers and urban residents,in order to compare and analyze the impact of urbanization on the employment opportunities of agricultural transfer population,it enriches the research on the employment opportunities of agricultural transfer population under the background of large-scale urbanization;Second,according to the way of obtaining urban household registration,the rural-urban migrants are divided into two groups: “Selective-transferring group” and“Policy-transferring group”,according to the number of years of residents of rural-urban migrants to settle in the city,they are divided into three groups: rural-urban migrants(settled in 0-10 years),rural-urban migrants(settled in 11-20 years)and rural-urban migrants(settled in more than 20years),this paper compares and analyzes the heterogeneity of the differences of the employment opportunities of the agricultural transfer population and the changes of the employment opportunities of the agricultural transfer population in terms of the number of years of residence and the employment opportunities of the agricultural transfer population,and third,calculates the employment opportunities rewards of the human capital investment of the different household registration groups,and finally,analyzes the differences of the employment opportunities of the agricultural transfer population in terms of the number of years of residence and the changes of the employment opportunities of the agricultural transfer population,this paper examines the impact of human capital on the employment opportunities of different household registration groups,and provides a research basis for further suggestions of urbanization.Through the research,the main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)obtaining urban household registration can significantly change the vulnerable position of agricultural transfer population in employment opportunities,the reform of household registration system has given the urban household registration status to the rural-urban migrants,compared with the rural migrant workers,the rural-urban migrants have a better chance of getting a good job;(2)the impact of urbanization on the employment opportunities of different rural-urban migrants is heterogeneous.Compared with the urban residents,the opportunity of “Policy-transferring group” to get “Good jobs” is still significantly lower,the reform of the household registration system can not change the weak position of all rural-urban migrants in the urban labor market;(3)for rural-urban migrants with different residence years,compared with the urban residents,there is no obvious difference between the rural-urban migrants who have been settled for more than 20 years and the urban residents,even in the public sector is in a comparative advantage,the impact of the household registration system reform on the agricultural transfer population’s employment opportunities is still a gradual long-term process;(4)by calculating the marginal effect of human capital factors in employment among different household registration groups,it is found that the marginal effect of human capital factors in employment among different household registration groups has obvious difference,the reform of household registration system needs to pay more attention to the human capital input of agricultural transfer population,so as to eliminate the urban-rural segmentation of labor market.