| Since the Chinese Economic Reform in 1978,the level of industrialization and urbanization in China has been rapidly improved.The distinct pattern of urban-rural division in planned economy period has been constantly broken down,and the institutional obstacles are gradually disappearing.However,due to the imbalance of development and the policy’s focus on "urban priority",the "dual structure" characteristics of urban-rural development are still very obvious.The level of development of agricultural does not match the pace of the overall economic development,which has become a short board in the national economy.General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that "China’s agricultural and rural development has entered a new historical stage.The main contradiction of agriculture has changed from the insufficient total amount to structural contradiction.The major aspect of the contradiction lies on the supply side." This structural contradiction in agriculture is mainly manifested in areas such as regional structure,production structure,factor input structure,variety structure and quality structure,which will hinder the improvement of agricultural quality,efficiency and competitiveness.To this end,General Secretary Xi Jinping,at the 11-th meeting of the Central Leading Group on Finance and Economics held in November 2015,proposed to promote the structural reform on supply-side as the priority stream of economic work and economic development in the current and future period.On December 31,2016,the State Council of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Central Document No.1 of "Several Opinions of the State Council of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Further Promoting the Structural Reform of Agricultural Supply Side and Accelerating the Cultivation of New Kinetic Energy for Agricultural and Rural Development".It further clarified that it should focus on adjusting and optimizing the planting structure and improving the quality,the integrated benefits and competitiveness of agricultural products,optimizing agricultural production structure and regional distribution,etc.All these strategies are for the purpose of promoting agricultural modernization,building a well-off society in an all-round way,and realizing the grand goal of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in 2020.This makes us fully aware of the urgency and importance of the problem in planting structure.Modern planting industry is closely connected with the national economic foundation.The planting industry creates the "Chinese rice bowl".In order to make people eat well and eat well,it is necessary to further optimize the ability of increasing the income of planting industry.It can be seen that adjusting the structure of planting industry is a historic and inevitable requirement for the economic and agricultural development in our country.A new round of structural adjustment of planting industry,that is,the structural reform on planting supply side under the structural reform on agricultural supply side,takes place under the complex background of profound changes,with an overlapping of new and old problems,in China’s social and economic environment.Moreover,these problems are interacted with each other,which further increases the complexity of structural adjustment.For example,the problems include the phenomenon of over-demand and over-supply of agricultural products among different varieties;the decline of cultivated land quality,water shortage and agricultural pollution;the increase of consumer demand for green,healthy and high-quality agricultural products;the deepening of integration in primary,secondary and tertiary industries;and the increasing impact of international community on domestic agriculture,among others.It is against the background of the above-mentioned Rural Revitalization Strategy and the structural reform of agricultural supply side that this paper chooses the topic of the impact of crop structure adjustment on farmers’ income.Its significance lies in that it not only promotes the transformation of agricultural production from satisfying quantity to pursuing quality,but also ensures that the grain production capacity does not decrease,the momentum of increasing farmers’ income is not reversed,and the sustainable development of agricultural green ecology is achieved.It also provides a new research perspective on the relationship between planting development and farmers’ income change,enriches the theory of farmers’ income structure and income increase under structural adjustment,and thus has certain academic value for the theoretical expansion of development economics.Following the basic idea of "diagnosing problems-analyzing problems-solving problems",this paper develops according to the research logic of "proposing topics-constructing theoretical analysis framework-Historical Experience Research-theoretical and Empirical Research-countermeasures and suggestions".According to the theme of this paper,we need to explore the logic of "three major structures" of the impact of crop structure adjustment on farmers’ income structure,based on the relevant basic theories of development economics,new institutional economics,agricultural economics,income distribution theory,and the analysis approach of "history mechanism factors",and the realistic background of Rural Revitalization Strategy and structural reform of agricultural supply side.The main line is compiled,so as to construct the macro and micro driving mechanism of farmers’ income growth in the adjustment of planting structure and the analytical framework of "one mechanism,four dimensions" of the influence of natural environmental factors,market factors,technological factors and institutional factors on farmers’ income growth.This paper tries to establish three levels of analytical approach through the progressive process from experience to essential analysis,and then unfold the full text of the analysis.Specifically,the first level is the structural adjustment and characteristics of cropping industry,especially its supply side,from the perspective of historical evolution.The second level is the theoretical analysis of the driving mechanism of the adjustment of planting structure to promote farmers’ income growth from macro and micro perspectives on the basis of summarizing and analyzing historical experience.From the perspective of planting industry and farmers’ household behavior decision-making,six driving forces,namely labor productivity,planting industry chain,industrial organization level,resource allocation structure,planting production structure and household management structure,are explained respectively,and the driving mechanism of planting structure adjustment is explained.The third level is the "four-dimensional" factor analysis of the structural adjustment of planting industry and its income effect based on historical experience induction and driving mechanism analysis.Starting from the four dimensions of environment,market,technology and system,that is to say,the restriction of natural resource endowment and its scarcity on the structure layout and adjustment of planting industry and its further influence on farmers’ income;market factors influence planting industry through price changes of factors of production,price competition mechanism of agricultural products and industrialization of planting industry.Structural adjustment and its income effect;technological factors are mainly the process of technological innovation and diffusion of planting technology,which will affect the structural adjustment of planting industry and its income effect;institutional factors are mainly production organization system,farmland property rights system,and planting support and protection system,which will affect the structural adjustment of planting industry and thus bring about income effect.Based on the above analysis framework and its internal logic,the following core points can be condensed:Firstly,the government,the market and the farmers are always the main bodies of the adjustment of the agricultural supply side structure and the planting structure.This is because the government has the absolute advantage of political power and the right to allocate resources,and is the main body of the system supply,while farmers are the main demanders of the new system innovation,and the market is the main medium of the system transmission and realization.Only when the mandatory system supply and the system demand are consistent,will the progress of the planting industry be promoted.However,the structural adjustment of agricultural supply side and planting industry also shows the characteristics of "quantity-quality-structure" as the optimal path.Secondly,the coordinated development of macro and micro levels is helpful to optimize the structure of planting industry.Specifically speaking,the improvement of labor productivity,the coordinated development of planting industry chain,the improvement of industrial organization level,the improvement of resource allocation structure,the upgrade of planting production structure and the optimization of family management structure will all promote the adjustment of planting industry structure in the direction of promoting the increase of farmers’ income.Macro and micro driving mechanisms are complementary and inseparable.Macro-driving mechanism influences farmers’ decision-making behavior by increasing agricultural labor productivity,optimizing agricultural production environment and operating environment,and so on.Micro-driving mechanism directly reflects farmers’ choice of resource allocation structure,production structure and management structure.Conversely,all farmers’ decision-making behavior will be Macro-driving mechanism.The system has an impact.Thirdly,the influence mechanism of each factor in the "Four Dimensions" is different,and their interaction determines how significant the adjustment of cropping structure will affect farmers’ income.From a theoretical point of view,first of all,natural factors will restrict the adjustment of planting structure and the improvement of farmers’ income level;secondly,market factors will affect the adjustment of planting structure and farmers’ income through price changes of production factors,price mechanism of product circulation market and industrialization development;thirdly,technological factors will affect the adjustment of planting structure and farmers’ income through technological innovation and technology diffusion.It will affect the direction and speed of the adjustment of planting structure,thus affecting farmers’ income through the adjustment of planting structure.Finally,institutional factors affect the adjustment of planting structure and farmers’ income through the role of production organization system,land property rights system and supporting protection system.Fourthly,the adjustment of cropping structure has a positive effect on farmers’ income.Moderate expansion of cultivated land area,improvement of land use rate,improvement of upstream and downstream market mechanism of agricultural products and improvement of mechanization rate of cropping are beneficial to the increase of income effect of the adjustment of cropping structure.Based on the empirical analysis of the relevant data,it is found that the adjustment effect of natural factors is significant,with double threshold effect,and the optimal interval is between the first threshold and the second threshold,which shows that the adjustment of planting structure under moderate scale operation is most conducive to the increase of farmers’ income.Market factors also have significant adjustment effect and double threshold effect.Their income-increasing effect on the structure adjustment of planting industry shows the characteristics of negative,positive and then weakening.When the first threshold value is reached,farmers’ income can be greatly increased,but with the price-cost ratio continues to increase,the income-increasing effect of the structure adjustment of planting industry gradually weakens,showing an inverted U-shaped relationship.Balanced development between markets can effectively promote the growth of farmers’ income.The adjustment of technical factors is very significant and has double threshold effect.When the first threshold is crossed,it can significantly promote the effect of cropping structure adjustment and increase income.When the agricultural technology level continues to rise to the second threshold,the optimal interval is reached.The adjustment of cropping structure can more effectively promote the increase of farmers’ income.At the same time,the third threshold can be observed.The area between them is gradually increasing,which shows that the current development of agricultural technology is conducive to increasing farmers’ income.For institutional factors,although there is no obvious optimal interval,it can be explained that different policy implementation plans and implementation efforts will affect the income effect of crop structure adjustment by comparing the significant effects of different policies.Compared with similar research results,the possible innovations of this paper are mainly embodied in:Firstly,the connotation and extension of crop structure adjustment were rethinked and defined.According to the literature research,in general,the adjustment of planting structure mainly means that the government increases or reduces the planting area of different kinds of crops by means of macro-control,in order to achieve the purpose of increasing or decreasing the output of unbalanced varieties or varieties of agricultural products.However,this paper gives a richer definition of plant structure adjustment,and considers it a dynamic and comprehensive process.In this study,the adjustment of planting structure is not only a concept of agricultural category focusing on the change of planting types and varieties structure,but also a comprehensive adjustment process involving environment,system,economy and other aspects.Therefore,the impact of the adjustment of planting structure on farmers’ income is multi-channel.Moreover,it should be different from the term of "structural reform of crop supply side".The term "structural reform of crop supply side" only expresses the structural adjustment of crop industry under the current stage of "structural reform of agricultural supply side".It can be said that the structural adjustment of crop industry includes the topic of "structural reform of crop supply side".The structural adjustment of crop industry is one of them.Such an analysis of the process of historical evolution is rare in relevant studies.Secondly,on the basis of development economics and other related basic theoretical research and historical experience induction and comparison,this paper constructs a logical analysis framework of "one mechanism,four dimensions" to explain the mechanism mechanism of the impact of crop structure adjustment on farmers’ income,and clarifies the "macro and micro driving mechanism","crop structure adjustment","four dimensions factor" farmers’ income improvement.Existing conduction relationship.Compared with similar research literature,it has some novelty.Thirdly,in the empirical study of this paper,the contribution of crop structure adjustment calculated by factor decomposition model is used as the proxy variable of crop structure adjustment,and the interaction effect analysis is used to explain the effect of the "four-dimensional" factors.Further,the threshold model is used to calculate the threshold that the crop structure adjustment needs to reach to promote the increase of farmers’ income under different factors.Conditions.Because the adjustment of cropping structure involves many aspects of natural science and social science,it is a complex problem with interdisciplinary research,and it has great research challenges.Considering the availability of relevant research materials,the limitation of research time and the limitation of the author’s research ability and level,this paper still has some shortcomings,which need to be carried out in future research.To improve.At present,China is in the period of economic and social transformation and deepening of various reforms.The internal and external environment of crop structure adjustment is still in constant change.It is also necessary to follow up this topic continuously according to the development of practice.Specifically,on the one hand,in the follow-up study,we will analyze the differences of local governments,different production and operation subjects and other relevant stakeholders.On the other hand,we need to continue to update and improve the empirical analysis of this paper in the next research.We will try to establish an index system instead of a single alternative variable index in order to more comprehensively reflect the impact of the four factors through panel data. |
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