| At a time when the world is going through a profound transformation that hasn’t happened in a century,China’s economy is struggling to keep up with challenges like overcapacity,dual resource and environmental constraints,shifts in the global industrial division of labor,and domestic industrial structure upgrading.The Belt and Road Initiative is a major strategic decision made by the Chinese government’s top decision-making level to actively respond to the current world economic pattern,coordinate the two major domestic and international situations,and assess the situation.Promoting the Belt and Road construction is a "way out" for China to resolve the current global economic development conundrum in the face of the complex domestic and international environment.The Belt and Road Initiative’s proposal provides an important cooperation platform for promoting industrial transfer from China to countries along the route.China’s superior production capacity has the need to "go out",and the countries along the route have the need to "bring in".The realization of The Belt and Road Initiative is a win-win move of mutual exchange,complementary advantages,and resource sharing,which is also an important content of the current promotion of the Belt and Road construction.In the context of promoting the joint construction of the Belt and Road to achieve high-quality "bringing in" and high-level "going out",mutual benefit and symbiosis is the basis for guiding China’s industrial transfer to the Belt and Road countries.So,can China’s industrial transfer to countries along the Belt and Road promote mutual benefit and symbiosis? And how to guide the orderly transfer of China’s manufacturing industry to the Belt and Road countries with mutual benefit and symbiosis as a scientific basis? Therefore,it is important to study the symbiotic effect and path selection of China’s industrial transfer to the Belt and Road countries based on the symbiotic perspective,whether to eliminate the misunderstanding and doubt of some countries along the route to undertake China’s industrial transfer,or to promote the Belt and Road construction with high quality.This paper focuses on two main lines of research under the perspective of symbiosis theory: "whether China’s industrial transfer to the Belt and Road countries can promote reciprocal symbiosis or not" and "how to scientifically guide the orderly transfer of Chinese manufacturing industries to Belt and Road countries based on reciprocal symbiosis".(1)Based on the symbiosis theory,comparative advantage theory and human destiny community theory,the symbiosis system of the Belt and Road industry is constructed with mutual benefit and symbiosis as the final evolutionary goal.The symbiotic system is analyzed and discussed in terms of symbiotic unit,symbiotic relationship and symbiotic environment(three elements of symbiotic system),and the concept of symbiosis adaptability of international industrial transfer is proposed according to the energy generation function of the symbiotic system,which is used as the basis for choosing the path of industrial transfer from China to the Belt and Road countries.(2)To measure and reveal the industrial dependence and complementarity between China and the Belt and Road countries from the perspective of trade,to analyze the development gradient differences between China and the Belt and Road countries in terms of economic development level,technological innovation level and infrastructure level,and to analyze the basic conditions for the formation of an industrial symbiosis system between China and the Belt and Road countries and the realistic demand for promoting industrial transfer.(3)Under the theoretical analysis framework of the Belt and Road industrial symbiosis system,the division of labor in the global value chain is taken as the quality parameter of the symbiosis unit,using the panel data of China and 75 countries along the Belt and Road from 2003 to 2017,and establishing a dynamic panel and a two-step SYS-GMM econometric model,we empirically test the reciprocal symbiotic effect of China’s industrial transfer to the Belt and Road countries on the upgrading of bilateral value chains,and explore the intermediate mechanism of China’s industrial transfer to the Belt and Road countries on the upgrading of bilateral value chains in terms of technology symbiosis,industry symbiosis and market symbiosis.(4)Based on the theoretical framework of the Belt and Road industrial symbiosis system,we analyze the symbiosis adaptability between China and the countries along the Belt and Road,assess the symbiosis adaptability of 60 major countries in the six economic corridors of the Belt and Road in 2010,2014 and 2018 in terms of symbiotic units,symbiotic relationships and symbiotic environmental adaptability,and analyze their spatial and temporal divergence characteristics.(5)The symbiosis adaptability index,characteristic factor endowment,and industrial complementarity index are combined to explore and identify the Belt and Road industrial transfer paths of different factor-intensive manufacturing industries and four typical manufacturing industries in China,respectively.The main findings of this paper can be summarized as three points:(1)China’s industrial transfer to the Belt and Road countries can realize mutual symbiosis marked by bilateral value chain upgrading through three transmission mechanisms: technological symbiosis,industrial symbiosis and market symbiosis.(2)From 2010 to 2018,the symbiosis adaptability index of the six major countries in the Belt and Road economic corridors showed an overall increasing trend,and the symbiosis adaptability index of the six economic corridors showed obvious regional spatial heterogeneity,among which the symbiosis adaptability of the China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor was the strongest,and the symbiosis adaptability of the New Asia-Europe Continental Bridge economic corridor was relatively weak.(3)The optimal path for the transfer of resource-intensive manufacturing in China is 7 countries such as Kuwait and Saudi Arabia,the optimal path for the transfer of labor-intensive manufacturing in China is 11 countries such as India and Indonesia,the optimal path for the transfer of capital-intensive manufacturing in China is 13 countries such as Singapore and India,and the optimal path for the transfer of technology-intensive manufacturing in China is 11 countries such as Singapore and Hungary.The findings of this paper have important implications for how to promote industrial transfer from China to the Belt and Road countries to achieve mutual benefit and symbiosis,and how to promote the orderly transfer of Chinese manufacturing industries to the Belt and Road countries with high quality.(1)To achieve mutual benefits and win-win industrial transfer by enhancing technological symbiosis,industrial symbiosis and market symbiosis.Specific countermeasures include strengthening bilateral technical cooperation while focusing on production capacity cooperation,giving full play to the important role of science and technology exchange and technical cooperation in the process of industrial transfer,exploring and establishing the Belt and Road technical cooperation alliances,and building a close and highly integrated the Belt and Road internal technical cooperation network.Strengthen the construction of supporting systems of industrial chains in the Belt and Road countries,stimulate local multinational enterprises to give full play to their own advantages and form benign and complementary industrial cooperation relationships with countries along the route,and avoid homogeneous competition with local enterprises along the route;encourage the establishment of the Belt and Road bilateral cooperation networks;and encourage the establishment of the Belt and Road bilateral cooperation networks.Encourage the establishment of bilateral or multilateral regional free trade zones along the Belt and Road,eliminate trade barriers,lead from point to point,from line to line,and gradually expand to regional cooperation,form a free trade zone of Belt and Road countries with China as the radiation point,and actively expand the market potential of China and the countries along the route.(2)We should deepen the concept of win-win cooperation,close industrial symbiosis and enhance the endogenous power of industrial transfer between China and the countries along the route.Deepen and utilize the complementarity of production factors with countries along the route,actively carry out industrial division of labor and cooperation based on complementary advantages,and transform the complementarity of bilateral production factors into mutual assistance for development,thus forming a mutually beneficial and stable win-win symbiotic relationship with closer industrial ties.(3)To find the strategic interest fit point according to the difference of adaptation conditions,and to guide the industrial transfer between China and the countries along the route in an orderly manner.We should comprehensively analyze the realistic basis of economic development,stage characteristics,gradient differences,resource endowments,industrial affiliations and cooperation networks of countries along the Belt and Road,clarify the benchmarks for industrial transfer,identify the target countries,industries to be transferred,strategic timing and optimal paths for industrial transfer,and show the holographic picture of industrial transfer between China and the countries along the Belt and Road. |
PDF Full Text Request