Research On Types And Methods Of Ecological Compensation

With the development of economy, the damage and pollution to ecology and environment becomes more and more seriously. Many countries pay more attention on ecology and environmental protection, but the protection measures may lead to injustice, such as some environmental protection measures may restrict the legitimate rights of the residents and the district, such as the economic interests and the development opportunities. In order to protecting the environment better, maintaining the good results of environmental protection, and ensuring social fairness, must establish ecological compensation regime. The types and methods of ecological compensation are very important part of ecological compensation regime, but there are only a few scholars researching on them, so the author study on the types and methods of ecological compensation, in order to make contribution to the ecological compensation regime and legislation.This paper includes five parts, the first part discusses that the types and methods of ecological compensation are very important part of ecological compensation regime, introduces the domestic and foreign scholars'research on types and methods of ecological compensation, and comes up with the problems of the research on types and methods of ecological compensation. The second part outlines the types and methods of ecological compensation:ecological compensation regime being a new regime in environment times; describing the understanding on types and methods of ecological compensation. The third part discusses the types of ecological compensation which should be chosen. Firstly the author assess the types of ecological compensation which have been practiced; And then the author classify the ecological compensation according to different criteria. According to natural resources, the ecological compensation can be divided into forest ecological compensation, grassland ecological compensation, marine ecological compensation, wetland ecological compensation, agriculture ecological compensation and water resources ecological compensation; According to ecological regions, the ecological compensation can be divided into three types. Our country should choose the second kind classification. The fourth part researches on the methods of ecological compensation. According to the operating mechanism, the methods of ecological compensation can be divided into administrative compensation mechanism and market compensation mechanism. The administrative compensation mechanism plays a leading role, but the market compensation mechanism is flexible and low-cost, so the market compensation mechanism should be made the best use. According to the person been compensated, the methods of ecological compensation can be divided into monetary compensation, object compensation, policy compensation and intellectual compensation. Monetary compensation is the most direct and common form of compensation. Object compensation can maintain the social order and safeguard the basic livelihood in certain types of ecological compensation. Policy compensation compensates all the residents in certain areas by the way of giving policy supports. Intellectual compensation can make the person been compensated live better in future. The fifth part studies on the legislative mode of ecological compensation. According to the research on the types and methods of ecological compensation, the ecological compensation legislation should modify the basic environmental law, legislating comprehensive and special ecological laws, and refine ecological compensation regulations in slip environmental laws. Comprehensive ecological compensation law play the key role in ecological compensation, it should includes the principles of compensation, the compensator, the methods of ecological compensation, the types of ecological compensation, the criteria of ecological compensation,the supervision on compensation funds and legal liabilities.