Study On Issues About Emissions Trading In China

Emissions trading is an new environmental economic policy which depends on the market mechanism. It gets more and more concern from all over the world. Comparing with the traditional"command-control"method, the emissions trading can achieve the environmental goal with less cost. It can control the pollutant efficiently and use the volume of the environment entirely, this makes the environmental protection and the economic development coordinately. In recent years, considerable achievements and experience were obtained in practicing emissions trading in pollutant treatment of China. At the same time, the law lags to the need in the reality and lacks instant and necessary legislation preparation. Based on it, the paper introduce the elementary knowledge of the emissions property right and emissions trading firstly, describes the necessity of its existing. Then it further analyzes the feasibility of the emissions trading implementation in our country. finally, in order to work smoothly, the design of policy and the advice of law was put forward.Emissions trading permits the polluting firms to trade their pollution rights, on the premise that environment capacity is limited. It is a cost-effective means for reducing pollution, and can well harmonize the relationship of economic development and environment protection. As a new policy, emissions trading is an innovation. The design and implement touches upon the field of social and economic life, needs a great quantity of endeavor. This paper is divided into four parts on emissions trading system. First, from the first part of the environmental problems start with a man-made environmental problems into the original environmental issues and secondary environmental problems. We usually refer to the environmental problem is that the secondary environmental issues, namely, human activities on the destruction of the environment. Including ecological damage, environmental pollution and waste of resources, and so on. With the development of economy, the advent of the industrial age, a gradual deterioration environmental issues, and have even started to hinder economic development, in order to solve environmental problems the adverse effects of various countries at different times using different solutions. That is, from the initial order and control methods to the current emissions trading system. Emissions trading system is in line with the law of governance, its implementation can not only reduce pollutants, but also to promote economic development. Emissions trading system has its own characteristics, its appearance is dependent on three main economic theory, that is, outside of the theory, the scarcity of resources and Coase theorem, although the three theory put forward at different times, but in certain extent that the emissions trading system and the feasibility of inevitability.Compared with the second part of the analysis of the way the world trading system on the development of the most developed countries - the United States the right to the sewage system was introduced and analyzed. First introduced in the United States three existing trading patterns, that is, ERC model that emission reduction credit. Total - distribution model that the Government will be limited to a certain procedures to the pollution of the polluters. Acid Rain Program under the United States sulphur dioxide permit trading volume is the most typical example of the control of emissions trading, it only allows fixed source involved in the transaction. Reduction of non-continuous mode DER sewage is true that the sewage reduction, and from a control sewage actions taken before and after the actual amount of emissions margin. In the United States further information on the system of emission rights. A total of five areas of practice, First compensation policy, and the second is the lead-out plan, and the third is to reduce ozone-depleting substances plan, and it solved the problem of acid rain - sulfur dioxide trading scheme, the five-state trading scheme. These elements constitute a trading system of the United States. Doing the above analysis and after contrast, a comparison of China's actual situation, China should learn from the United States by the emissions trading system, but can not copy, it is necessary to select the essence and discard the dross.Part three describes China's current environmental governance is the use of the means, that is, the charging system, the total emissions control and waste discharge permit system. Charging system in accordance with the "polluter-pays" and "polluter who deal with the" established the principle, has been introduced in China for more than 10 years is the longest time China implemented the pollution control policies. Although the charging system has greater flexibility and economic feasibility of advantages, but there are still some problems. Control the total discharge of pollutants emissions provides for a different concentration of the management of the total ceiling. Sewage system and permit trading system, it is through a permit manufacturers in the form of sewage conduct restrictions, generally meeting the conditions of the sewage manufacturers can obtain this right. The implementation of this system for the establishment of an emissions trading system in China has laid a good foundation. In the text from the economic, environmental and social three-pronged analysis of the feasibility of establishing an emissions trading system. China's emissions trading system on the development of the practice described, from 1991 to the present, from the pilot to China's relevant laws, and are increasingly used in emissions trading system.Through the fourth part of China's current economic development level as well as economic analysis of the status quo mode, summed up the development of an emissions trading system in China should pay attention to a few points: First, the imperfect system of the socialist market economy, mainly by the performance of zoning restrictions on the management system of emission rights market and the formation of state-owned enterprises can not be fully market-oriented operation, emissions trading lack of a sound legal system for protection. Second is the "non-point source" pollution-based features, main spread of a large number of small township enterprises have gradually become the pollution impact of the main reasons for China's environmental quality. Third, emissions trading face higher transaction costs. Based on the above-mentioned issues summary of the proposed emissions trading system of China's specific design. In China, to establish an emissions trading system must follow certain principles, namely total control of the principle of equality, voluntary, paid equivalence principle, the economic and environmental benefits of combining principle, the principle of reasonable intervention by the Government. In this under the guidance of the four principles, the first of the initial allocation of emission rights, and then provides its trading rules, the establishment of the final transaction performance evaluation system, from the market activity, standards, emission reductions, permit market prices and cost savings several aspects of the situation are examined incentive mechanism.In concluding, it's feasible for China to carry out emissions trading. The only problem is that we will be confronted with more challenge during the course. In the light of Chinese characteristics, the suitable emissions trading systems should include he following factors: establishing a market, which is distinguished by environment capacity and should include both point source and nonpoint-source. Organizing a powerful and corresponding government. Creating favorable external conditions, including legal conditions, firm conditions, finance conditions and policy conditions.