| Ganoderma lucidum,belong to Basidiomycetes class Polyporaceaeis family ,is both a kind of edible fungus and a kind of medicinal fungus which played an important part in health protection and healing. In this paper, the extraction process of effective constituent in Ganoderma lucidum through ultrasound wave, the best ingredient match of complex Lucid Ganoderma lucidum beverage, ultrafiltration clarification effect and intensive pulse light sterilization in complex Ganoderma lucidum beverage all have been investigated, which could provide scientific foundation for Ganoderma lucidum utilizing.1. The effect of ultrasonic time, ultrasonic power and material and solution ratio on the yield of water soluble extract and polysaccharose has been studied. Moreover, the extraction process of Ganoderma lucidum through ultrasonic wave method was optimized by response surface analysis, and the analog regression equation has been established as follows: Y=49.22+2.07A+6.91B+2.11C-5.26A2-6.74B2-3.14C2+1.70AB-0.04AC-0.23BCComprehensive analyzing this analog regression equation, it could be found that the optimum ultrasonic wave extraction condition was obtained as follows:ultrasonic time was 43min, ultrasonic frequency was 650W, material and solution ratio was 48:1.Under this condition, the yield of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharose could reach 2.05% and the yield of water extract could reach 7.29%.2. According to Mixture-D-optimal design, with the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation sensory value as appraising index, the predicted value of sensory was fitted through Scheffe incomplete polynomial and regression analysis of sensory value was established as follows: Y=-425.8508A-1189.8669B-2091.6673C-1952.0594D+3031.1397AB +2721.3566AC+4047.8982AD+7333.3649BC+7317.2879BD+8394.5269CD -6190.7532ABC-11139.2714ABD-2744.4421ACD-21167.2366BCD After optimum this regression equation, it could be found that the optimum formula was as follows: the Ganoderma lucidum extract was45%,sweet tea extract was 31%, peppermint extract was 7%, chrysanthemum extract was17%.3. Based on the extinction curve of different molecular weight cutoff, effect of every kinds of ultrafiltration membrane on nutrient component and luminousness have been studied. The result showed that the membrane of 50000D molecular weight cut-off was better and the optimum operating pressure and the temperature were 0.25MPa and 40℃respectively. After treated by ultrafilter clarification technology, the luminousness of complex Ganoderma lucidum beverage could reach 93.1%, and the absolet removal rating of protein and pectin could reach 82.2% and 81.1% respectively. The result of storage stability test showed that the storage time of complex Ganoderma lucidum beverage without the formation of precipitation could last 150 days. In addition, the result of membrane cleaning test showed that the refresh rate of membrane flux could reach 94.6% by the cleanout fluid which consists of 0.3% NAOH and 0.2% HCl.4. The sterilizing effect of complex Ganoderma lucidum beverage by intensive pulsed light had been researched. The result showed that the intensive pulsed light could effectively kill the Escherichia coli, Saccharomyces Cerevisiae and Penicillium in the complex Ganoderma lucidum beverage. When intensive pulsed light flash time reached 25s and flash distance reached 8cm, any microorganisms in the beverage, under 10-4 dilution, could scarcely survive. The comparison of thermal sterilization's and intensive pulsed light sterilizing result proved that the optimization method is intensive pulsed light sterilizing. Although the sterilizing effect of intensive pulsed light was not better than thermal sterilization, the clone formation units (CFUs) of bacteria in intensive pulsed light sterilized fluids could also satisfy the state sanitary standard and the loss ratio of effective constituent was lower. After cheated by high intensity pulsed light sterilizing for 25s, the loss ratio was extremely low. And the sensory quality of intensive pulsed light sterilizing beverage was obviously better than the thermal sterilization, with higher clarity and lower brown. In the duration of storage for 300 days, the CFUs of bacterium, mould and yeast kept on a low level and satisfy the state sanitary standard all the time, without any pathogenic bacterium. Above all, the intensive pulse light sterilizing method could effectively lengthen quality guarantee period and guarantee safety of complex Ganoderma lucidum beverage. |
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