Research On Equilibrium Of Public Transport Resources Allocation In Rapid Urbanization Area Based On Deprivation Theory

Improving the supply level of urban public traffic resources and promoting it balanced allocation, can effectively reduce the difference of travel environment between different travel groups, thus improving the traffic equity. With China has entered the development stage of rapid urbanization, the population size, social composition of population, spatial distribution in rapid urbanization areas have also been greatly changed. In these areas, the contradiction between the size, type, level of residents’demand for public transport services and the number, types, distribution of public transport resource allocation provided by the government, is increasingly outstanding. The imbalance between public traffic resources supply and demand, has caused serious constraints for residents’traffic efficiency and equity, exacerbated the traffic deprivation and social exclusion of the traffic vulnerable groups. Therefore, the research on the balance of public transport resources allocation in rapid urbanization areas, will contribute to promote the sustainable development of urban transport, realize social equity and justice.Firstly, the concept of public traffic resources and their characteristics are defined and introduced, and the connotation of public transport resource allocation balance is analyzed. Then the concept, connotation and manifestation of rapid urbanization are summarized, and the existing problems of public traffic resources allocation in rapid urbanization areas are analyzed. Simultaneously, the theoretical foundation of the research, including traffic equity theory, social stratification theory, social spatial polarization theory, deprivation and spatial deprivation theory, are summarized and analyzed.Secondly, based on analyzing the connotation of public transport deprivation and it’s spatial modes, an evaluation index system and an evaluation model for evaluating of public transport deprivation are established, factor analysis method is used in the evaluation model. Taking the public transport of Cheng Gong new area of Kunming as a study example, the main affecting factors of public transport deprivation and its spatial modes are obtained, spatial differentiations of public transport deprivation in rapid urbanization areas are analyzed. The result indicates that (1) the spatial mode of public transport deprivation in Cheng Gong new area is generally presents "ring+ local radiation"; (2) the public transport deprivation degree increase gradually from the urban core to periphery, presents a ring-changing spatial mode; (3) the public transport deprivation degree gradually increased from the two core to surrounding areas, presents a local radiation spatial mode.Subsequently, an evaluation model for evaluating the balance of public traffic resources allocation is established based on accessibility evaluation method and spatial clustering analysis method. The accessibility spatial pattern of public transport in Cheng Gong new area is obtained, the balance of public traffic resources allocation in different regions is also evaluated. The result indicates that the spatial mode of public transport accessibility presents ring-changing along the rail line, and the public transport accessibility of traffic zones presents core-peripheral spatial diffusion model. Based on spatial autocorrelation analysis of public traffic resources allocation degree, the Cheng Gong new area is divided into superior areas, backward areas and lower areas. The superior areas are mainly concentrated in urban core where urbanization process is fast, the other two areas are mainly concentrated in urban village and periphery where urbanization process is low.Finally, by taking spatial equity as guidance, some allocation strategies are proposed based on deprivation compensation principle, in order to improve the balance of public traffic resources allocation. Simultaneously, as a supplement, the concept and basic principles of public transport baseline equity are defined and elucidated, for proposing the insurance measures.