Spatial Equity Evaluation Of Urban Public Transport Resources Allocation Based On New Data Environment

In different times,different cultures,different religions or political systems,the connotation and standards of equity is different.The research of equity involves all aspects of human society,including the equity of public service.In the field of public service equity research,as the material carrier of public service,public service facilities have strong spatial attribute characteristics.Therefore,the study of equity in public service pays much attention to the spatial equity of public service facilities.As an important public service facility,urban transport system is an important part of the whole social and economic development system.It provides basic conditions and opportunities for the circulation of material resources and the participation of all members of society in various social and economic activities.Therefore,transport equity has been a popular field of the research of public service equity.Under the background of the national development strategy "equalization of basic public services",through the review on both domestic and foreign research of the transport equity and public service facility spatial equity,it can be concluded that the present research is lack of the study of urban public transport spatial equity,and quantitative empirical research either.Current new data,new technologies and new methods not only provide the methods for the study of public transport resource allocation spatial equity,but also provide the possibility to propose a more scientific and rational optimization scheme.Based on the definition of the concept of "urban public transport resource allocation spatial equity",this paper puts forward and constructs the spatial equity measurement index system for public transport resource allocation.On the basis of this,from the perspective of horizontal equity and vertical equity,this paper makes an empirical analysis on the spatial equity of conventional public transport resource allocation in Xiamen.Following are the main achievements.(1)From prospects of "equalization of basic public services" becoming the current important goal,public service and its equalization research lacking the study of public transport,the research of transport equity and public service facility spatial equity lacking public transport resource allocation spatial equity quantitative empirical research,to point out the important theoretical and practical significance of this research.(2)Through the review of the relevant domestic and abroad research,combing the relevant concept connotation,research content and research methods,the "urban public transport resource allocation spatial equity" is defined as the urban public transport resources in the urban space,which is relatively balanced and reasonable layout for the equal opportunities of all members of society to participate in various socio-economic activities,considering the socio-economic attributes of the social vulnerable groups to meet their travel needs,and to achieve the opportunity equity of social equity.Among them,equity refers to the relative conditional equity,rather than the absolute equity.(3)The contents of urban public transport resources are limited to the conventional ground transport resources.According to the material and nonphysical characteristics,the conventional public transport resources are divided into two categories:public transport facility resources and public transport service resources.According to the resource type,the basic index system of conventional public transport resource allocation is divided into two categories:facility resource index and service resource index,and the calculation method of index will be explained.Based on the basic index system,the spatial equity measurement index system for public transport resource allocation will be built,including Availability,Accessibility,Ability(Capacity +Mobility),Affordability,which called "4A Index System".Appropriate index will be selected from the basic index system to explain the calculation method of the corresponding spatial equity measurement index.Then the spatial equity of urban public transport resource allocation will be analyzed from both the perspective of horizontal equity and vertical equity by using the spatial equity measurement index system for public transport resource allocation.(4)This paper,from the perspective of horizontal equity and vertical equity,analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics,the availability of public transport resource,the accessibility by public transport,the ability of public transport service,and the affordability of public transport of conventional public transport resource allocation in Xiamen City by using the spatial equity measurement index system for public transport resource allocation to measure the spatial equity of public transport resource allocation.According to the results of the evaluation,the suggestions for adjustment and optimization of public transport resource will be proposed to the spatial units with low availability of public transport resource,the spatial units with low accessibility by public transport,and the spatial units containing low-income people.(5)Finally,from the perspective of horizontal equity and vertical equity,it is suggested that the adjustment and optimization of the existing public transport resource allocation and the addition of the new public transport resources should ensure that the different social groups of all spatial units in the study area can obtain relatively equal travel opportunity and public transport resource allocation.At the same time,in order to provide more travel and development opportunities for the vulnerable groups,the strategy of public transport resource allocation should be inclined to the these groups.This way is to make use of the policy method to remedy the shortcomings of the market profitability in the process of resource redistribution,which reflects the social equity.In conclusion,this paper constructs the basic index system of public transport resource allocation and the spatial equity measurement index system,and makes a quantitative empirical research on the spatial equity of public transport resource allocation,so as to provide some referential ideas and methods for the study of public transport equity,and the adjustment and optimization of public transport resource allocation.