| Human being has concerned about flood for a long time, either in remote antiquity times, or in modern times in which modern technology and economy highly developed and modern civilization flourishing, either in a developed country, or in a developing country, there are all some historic records about the disasters of the flood. Violent flood made us lose our life and property and environment. Therefor whenever the flood was coming, it is very important that we were prepared to control flood at any moment and safeguard our lives and property and did our best to minimized the damage by some science means, The DSS of controlling the flood this paper introduced ought to reflect flood disaster real-timely, list all feasible projects by referring to historic experiences and pre-making plans, find out the optimization of all projects by integrated evaluating for decision maker. It is not only a technology problem, but also an integrative problem containing society, politic, economy, expert knowledge and so on. Not only has it many quantified problems, but also many qualitative problems. Its primary task is how to present water level, disaster level, the measure to decrease disaster to decision maker, and its main goal is to combine modern flood forecast, dispatching decision, information technology with system support environment.As for controlling flood, accurate and timely flood forecast is the most important task. We can get more time and take more reasonable measures to avoid flood disaster.Flood forecast in this paper adopt producing flow and accordant junction model to simulate runoff at any section in any time. It can forecast flood real-timely and a course of any prospective flood. Simulation model of runoff regards a drainage area as a system, simulating how one rainfall comes into being runoff in a basin. The import of system is rainfall, and the export is runoff. Realization of the model owes to database management and analysis function in GIS and computer language. Those realize the computing flow and the dynamic simulating course of system. Based on studying of the unequal rainfall in space-time and the asymmetry physical geography parameters in space, which can influence the process of the runoff, this paper puts forward a sort of slope conflux and watercourse conflux simulating model based on grid, and that gains flux at random time and grid in basin. This model regards a grid as a coherent cell (hydrologic parameters are invariable in a cell), but parameters vary in different cell. In this way, it can figure out those problems hereinbefore. It adopts Holton model to calculate infiltration rate and remains, water balance equation and linear reservoir to calculate runoff, every parameter has a clear physics meaning and geography rule.By the study, it proved GIS to be an indispensability means in the hydrological study. It will exert important function on reasonably using real time space distributing information of hydrology and weather obtained by remote sensing technology, conveniently and rapidly updating hydrological subject database, setting up distributing course model that can reflect hydrologic phenomena and discipline, realizing hydrologic forecast real time, linking up the drainage area model, ground water model and surface water model and then establishing the GIS of hydrology theme.
|
PDF Full Text Request