Research On Safety Assessment Of High-Rise Construction Injury

High-rise construction develops rapidly, which is the consequence of human civilization. At the meantime, high-rise construction has more layers and needs more workload. These characteristics of high-rise construction bring up many more safety problems to people. After analyzing high-rise construction injuries, measures for safety techniques and safety management were given in the paper. The paper involves the construction accidents in the process of one building and not those after finishing the building that belong to quality accident.The main danger in high-rise construction lies in the deep depth of foundation digging, the great height of work place, the much crossover work, the long time for a project. The construction safety standards vary in home and abroad. Compared with America, Germany, Japanese, Hong Kong area and Taiwan area, our main land should study from them in such aspects as construction safety legislation, construction safety management system. At the meantime we should increase the role of association in construction safety supervision.The identification of danger resource is the basis of safety assessment. The major methods for the identification of danger resource include preliminary hazard analysis (PHA), danger degree analysis, failure mode effect consequence analysis (FMECA), fault tree analysis (FTA), event tree analysis (ETA) and so on. Every method fits to one kind of object. So we should choose different methods according to different objects. Fault tree analysis (FTA) methods are used in this paper.After the analyzing many existing construction accidents, we get to know that the major injury modes include the falling from high place, machine injury, crane injury, object beating, electric shock and collapse. These accidents occupy the 70 percents of all accidents. Four kinds of accidents including the falling from high place, object beating, machine and crane injury, electric shock were the major research objects in this paper. People always call this four kind of accidents "the four big accidents". The characteristics, modes, causes and protection measures of each kind were given in the paper. A typical accident of each kind was analyzed by FTA methods. Then qualitative analysis was given.The existing assessment technique was not fully perfect. Exponent methods, probability methods and blur assessment from our country fit to different objects. An equation for safety system was brought up by using the principals of cybernetics, systematic and information. Considering the dynamic characteristic of the system, Feedback is integrated in the system. The safety comprehensive assessment model was given using the conception of safety degree: S(k) = S(k-l) + B(k), B(k)= a C- P H, in which a and P are constant, C can be got according to the state of safety management. The detailed assessment parameters for safety management were given in the paper. H can be got according to the result of identification of danger resource forsystem. The detailed assessment parameters for danger resource were given in the paper.Finally, the control measures for construction injury were brought up that include the control of "the four big accidents" and safety management. Modern safety management emphasizes on safety prediction, safety forecast and safety prevention. Safety management system must accord to the mode of PDCA (plan-do-check-action). Safety management system includes the contents of safety management organization, safety management on spots, safety check and safety education. Safety management organization must be established at the beginning of the project in which the safety production duty system is most important. Safety control on spots can be divided into three stages: preparative work, the processing control and emphasis control. The contents of safety check should be set down according to national regulations and the characteristics of the project. The pattern of safety check includes periodical and aperiodical check. Safety education should have specific objective, time an...