| This thesis demonstrates the reasonable choice and layout of evacuation sites basedon analysis to the density of population and the spatial distribution of homelessness, andthe choice of evacuation roads according to the traffic flux and load degree in seismicdisaster in the case of Fuqing city, so as to enhance the efficiency of evacuation andsuccor. It uses the research results of seismic disaster prevention and mitigation of thecity, including seismological hazard zonation, analysis to the loss of damaged building,lifeline engineering, population and economics. The main results of the thesis aresummarized as following:1. The choice of emergent evacuation sites should consider all the factors of theland-use planning of seismic disaster prevention and mitigation. The areas of better landconditions and relatively safe areas of less seismic disaster should be chosen. Accordingto the land-use planning of seismic disaster prevention and mitigation, high seismic riskareas are not suitable for evacuation sites because they are prone to sand liquefaction,soft-sand depression, land-slide, collapse in seismic disaster, or some active faultspassing by. And a relatively safe area in earthquake-resistance is not suitable either,because its condition is good, and it will be wasteful if it is planed to be an evacuationsite. So, only the areas of poor earthquake-resistace are suitable for the choice ofevacuation sites.2. According to prediction of the loss of population in research results of seismicdisaster prevention and mitigation of Fuqing, this thesis analyzes the injured persons,death and homeless residents in areas of seismic intensity of Ⅶ°and Ⅷ°, andobtains spatial distribution of the 3 types of population in areas of Ⅶ°and Ⅷ°.3. According to the conditions of geography and population of Fuqing, this work finishes theclassification of emergent evacuation sites, which are temporary sites and immovable sites.4. According to the density of population, the old Fuqing city is partitioned into 3parts, that is, high population density area, middle population density area and lowpopulation density area. The thesis analyzes the relationship between the density ofpopulation and distribution of evacuation sites, and finds an obvious phenomenon thatthe spatial distributions of the density of population and the existing evacuation sites inold Fuqing city do not match: (1) Possession of the immovable sites for each resident is2.13m2 in the old Fuqing city which is sufficient for the requirement of emergentevacuation according to the city planning. (2) Possession of the immovable sites foreach resident in moderate and high population density areas is 1.51m2, which isbasically sufficient for the requirement of emergent evacuation. (3) Possession of theimmovable sites for each resident in the high population density area is 0.21m2, and it isextremely insufficient for the requirement of emergent evacuation, and great damagesand losses will be caused if the earthquake occurrs in the future.5. According to the density of population and the total area of the parks which aremost suitable for planning immovable evacuation sites in each community, this thesistheoretically accounts the area of immovable evacuation sites each person owns, anddivids the 20 communitys to 4 grades, which are reasonable area, basically reasonablearea, unreasonable area and extremely unreasonable area. There are 5 communitys in thereasonable area, which are Rongxi, Fengshan, Longjiang, Xingfu and Rongbei, and 3communitys in the basically reasonable area, which are Rongdong, Xiaobei andDonggao, and 7 communitys in the unreasonable area, which are Liuchi, Xiaoqiao,Jindun, Ruiyun, Ruiting, Beida and Xida, and 5 communitys in the extremelyunreasonable area, which are Xianggao, Yifu, Jinyun, Xiwen, and Xiyun. Based onanalysis of the existing evacuation sites, open space and buildings of the unreasonablearea and the extremely unreasonable area, this thesis suggests that: (1) in the extremelyunreasonable area, how about the spatial distribution of removable buildings is, andwhat the propositional scheme of planning of emergent evacuation sites is. (2) In theunreasonable area, there is a large piece of open space in Xiaoqiao, and this piece ofopen space is enough for being planned for an evacuation site. In other communities,there are existing evacuation sites.6. According to the traffic flux and load degree of Fuqing road networks inassumed seismic disaster, this work suggests the classifying and choosing standards ofthe evacuation roads, and the different evacuation modes that the different evacuationroads can be charged in emergent situation. This thesis also suggests that the road withseismic traffic load degree V/C<0.8 can be chosen as evacuation roads, and two kinds ofroads for vehicle use and human use are classified if the seismic traffic flux C≥500pcu/h after the earthquake happens. Based on the analysis, the evacuation roads canbe classified into 3 levels after the earthquake happens: (1) the roads that V/C<0.2 and C≥500pcu/h are the 1st level evacuation roads, (2) the roads that V/C<0.2 andC<500pcu/h, or 0.2≤V/C<0.6 and C≥500pcu/h are the 2nd level evacuation roads, and(3) the roads that 0.2≤V/C<0.6 and C<500pcu/h, or 0.6≤V/C<0.8 are the 3rd levelevacuation roads.7. This thesis suggesets the reconstruction methods of the roads that aren't suitablefor evacuation: (1) the roads with C<500pcu/h are generally strait and unsuitable fortraffic, it is necessary to widen them so that they can be suitable in the condition ofemergency. (2) The roads with V/C≥0.8 are suitable for traffic in daily life, and withhigh density of population all around, so when these roads are reconstructed, the bestmethod is to reduce the density of population and buildings. Generally, these 2 factorsshould be considered at the same time in the reconstruction of evacuation roads. |
