Study On Sustainable Development For Soil And Water Conservation-Regarding Small Watershed As A Unit

The paper takes Dingjiagou Small Watershed in Baiquan County as a study case, analyzes the sustainable development theory for small watershed soil and water conservation under the guidance of sustainable development theory. The founding of the study has an important theoretic and practical significance for sustainable development of soil and water conservation Heilongjiang Province.1. On the basis of full existing investigation and study for sustainable development theory at home and abroad, the paper discusses systematically the conception, study contents, study method and assessment index system of sustainable development theory for soil and water conservation and puts foreword the thought of sustainable development theory for soil and water conservation in China.2. The paper takes Dingjiagou Small Watershed in Baiquan County as a study case, deals with natural outline, social outline, soil erosion situation and harnessing experience.3. In accordance of background, relief characteristic, land utilization situation and developing level of production, the paper suggests some harnessing measures, focusing on controlling soil erosion, aiming at protecting and reasonable utilizing water and soil resources;and on the basis of protecting existing vegetation and comprehensively harnessing mountains, water, forest and road ,puts foreword suitable harnessing projects by engineering , biological and ecological remediation measures. Because of the establishment of protection forest belt, all kinds of measures can compensate each other and combined three-demission protection system making up reasonable and ecological restoration measure is formed. It is bringing comprehensive protection function into play and improving ecological environment.4. The paper summarizes three harnessing models for soil erosion in Northeast China black soil area through the small catchments study:1) Combined model of engineering measures and biological measures for the slope that is more than 5°.By building terrace, then constructing border check, returning surface soil, protecting soil fertility. Planting trees on the terrace, planting pine on the slope ,poplar at the foot of the slope, fruit tree within farmland and willow on flooded plain to form engineering protecting plants and plants solidifying engineering.2) Combined model of biological measures and agricultural measures for the slope that is less than 5°.It is adopting same high furrow cultivation method, through the agricultural technology of increasing organic fertilizer, selecting super seeds and improving cultivation method to enhance the permeability of the soil and water storage capacity;at the same time planting protection forest according to farmland anti-seepage requirement.3) Combined model of biological measures and engineering measures for erosion gull.It is first digging interrupting drain along the contour line at the head of the gull, constructing small dam at the definite interval and plant willow on the gull plain, cutting slope, digging fish-scale pits and afforesting to solidifying gulls. By the methods complete shrub and arbor closing gull system is formed from the head to the tail of gulls, and it can control effectively the development of the gulls and change the gull into forest belt.