Study On Short-distance Travel Behavior Of Urban Resident

Research on travel behavior is important to transportation management and control, and especially is a basic work for urban transportation planning, construction and management. Nowadays, many large cities enter the period when cars are increasing rapidly, and traffic jam becomes much worse and worse. That can be known from the phenomenon such as peak hour is brought forward, extended and not obvious. Therefore, study on travel regulation, travel psychology and travel choice are especially important to make rational traffic policies, reduce the volume of car travel and solve traffic jam problem. Shot-distance travel accounts for much bigger proportion in resident travel. Short-distance travel costs less time, and requires less comfort. Furthermore, people traveling by car are easier to be attracted to take non-motor vehicles and public transport for short-distance travel. Based on household travel survey, taking short-distance travel as the study object, by using trip and activity analysis methods, this paper analyzes short-distance travel regulation and characteristic, and change of mode split under different situation, in order to induct the transforming of car travel, and optimize traffic structure. Focused on short-distance travel behavior study, this paper has done some work as follows:(1) This paper firstly confirms the range of short-distance travel according to the size of Beijing, points out that short-distance travel plays a great role on inducting car travel to be transformed to non-motor vehicles and public transport, and takes short-distance travel behavior of eight districts in Beijing as study objects. Secondly, this paper summarizes research situation about travel behavior at home and abroad, and indicates the lack of urban short-distance travel research and its importance. Then this paper introduces the disaggregate method, its basic hypothesis and random utility theory, and why disaggregate method is more appropriate for individual travel behavior study, and sets forth that travelers pursue travel choice utility maximum. In addition, this paper presents the main study model, Logit model and its characters.(2) This paper analyzes characters of short-distance travel by using travel and activity analysis methods. Firstly, this paper contrastively analyzes proportion change of short-distance travel and long-distance travel under different influencing factors, which include personal attributes like gender, age, vocation, family attributes like family income and travel attributes like travel purpose, travel mode, departure time. Secondly, this paper chooses some representative purposes, and analyzes variety of these purposes composing under different distance segment in short-distance travel. Thirdly, this paper chooses some main travel modes, and importantly analyzes split rate change of these modes under different situation, such as different purpose sort, different distance segment, families with cars or without cars, during peak hour period or not. In the end, this paper confirm service radius of travel modes according to average travel distance of these modes, and points out that car should serve long distance travel and non-moto(?) vehicles and public transport should take dominate positions in short-distance travel. Rational policies should be made to induct car travel in short-distance to transform to non-motor vehicles and public transport.(3) Analyze effect of all kinds of attributes on short-distance travel proportion. Firstly, this paper introduces basic theory of multi-linear regression model. Secondly, based on analysis of short-distance travel characteristic, this paper analyzes effect of all kinds of attributes on short-distance travel percentage by multi-linear regression model. Parameters regressed indicate that chosen attributes have linear relativity with short-distance travel proportion (the proportion of the number of short-distance travel accounting for the number of all travel, and elicits vocation and commutation ticket have significant influence on it.(4) Emphasize the study on short-distance travel mode choice. This paper introduces general forms and answering methods of ML model (Multinomial Logit Model) and NL model (Nested Logit Model). Aiming to utility maximum of short-distance travel, by using double level Nested Logit, this paper builds short-distance departure time and travel mode choice model, and quantificationally analyzes the impact relationship between departure time choice and mode choice, and confirms level relationship between topper level and lower level in Nested Logit model by using contain coefficient. In the end, this paper stressedly analyzes effect degree of attributes for choosing walking, bicycle, bus and car in short-distance travel, and expounds the possibility that car travel can be transformed to bus travel and bicycle travel in short-distance travel.