Structural Optimization Design Of 140T Hot-metal Ladle Roll-over Hook

Structural optimization design is a new technique developed in twenty recent years, its development has been significant effect on the traditional structural design,and makes people enter from the passive analysis and verifying intensity period to the initiative designing stage.Comparing with the traditional design methods,the optimization design can improve design quality,accelerate its progress and reduce its cost,it can make a project cost reduce 5%～25%by the correlative data indicating,the economic effect is very obvious.Structure optimization design will become the main structure design method in future.With the fast development of finite element method and electronic computer technology,optimization design has gradually been applied broadly,especially in the field of machinery structure design,it applies more broadly in recent years.Metallurgy crane is an indispensable and important equipment in modern metallurgical industry, whose hook is the important stressed component,now people still use the traditional static intensity design procedures to design the hook.The result is sometimes insufficient safe and sometimes excessive safe in hook safety.The insufficient hook intensity easily makes the hook heavy deformation even fracture,causes significant safe accident,and brings about gigantic economic loss.Yet if the assurance coefficient is too big,it will happen that material's uneconomic use and hook's ponderosity.The author analyzes its structure and usage to the hot-metal ladle hook of PanGang Vanadium Recovery & Steelmaking Plant,calculates its stress by the traditional "bend beam theory" and the "limit load support capability" algorithm which applied broad,the result indicates that the hook has an oversize assurance coefficient and a big self-weight(its weight is about 2 t,yet the forging hook's weight is only 330 kg in the same effect),this leads to the hook's inflexible hooking up in usage.By the perfect pre-processor and post-processor of large-scale finite element method analyzing software ANSYS,according to the hook making of 5 pieces of rivet bond 16Mn steel plates,the author builds models by the style from bottom to top for single steel plate,single steel plate including rivet,and bonding 5 pieces of steel plates ignoring rivet.Using solid element to mesh the models,densely meshing the dangerous fields including the rivet draws,holes,and handle of the hook,roughly meshing other fields to cut down the unnecessary computing time.Having been used LS-DYNA,a high nonlinear transient dynamic analysis module of ANSYS/LS-DYNA,to analyze the hook's stress.The contact style selects the surfaces of rigid body and elastic body automatically contacting.The stress and strain results of the above three kinds of conditions have been respectively exported,thus not only accurately knowing stress and strain of the three states,but verifying the correctness of "bend beam theory" in calculating the dangerous cross section of hook.Through combining the analyzing results with the traditional calculation,the new analyzing has supplemented the insufficient of the traditional static intensity theory in analyzing the hook's stress.Carrying out an automatic optimum designs to the hook by the/OPT module of ANSYS itself.According to its usage demand,the hook structure's optimization design has been done,the optimizing target is reducing the hook's self-weigh.Changing the optimizing target into minimizing the hook's volume,then opening a round hole in the fields of the hook's middle where the stress is little,and making hook's thickness and round hole's diameter as the optimization variables,the author has finished the optimization design to the hook's structure by the zero order optimizing method of ANSYS providing.The hole is applied to the maximal working loads of rolling over the hot-metal ladle,the hook's handle is applied to displacement constraints,finally exporting the calculation results.Checking the optimization designing results and exporting the diagram of two correlative variables' changing curve.Carrying out the comparative analysis between the pre-optimization model and the post-optimization model of the hook,estimating the security of the hook structure after optimization, finally providing improvement suggestions about the hook's structure.