The Survey And Simulation Research On Indoor Thermal Environment And Energy Consumption Of Residential Buildings

With increasing of economy and improving of living standard, people's demand to comfortable and healthy building environment is more and more urgent, and then it leads to sharp increase of building energy consumption. Professional men focus on the job of building energy consumption statistics and energy saving. Residential building is an important component of building. Compared to public building, although the function of residential building is unitary, the energy consumption of residential building is profoundly influenced by the action of residents and takes on randomicity, so it's hard to calculate detailedly. So this paper studies energy consumption of residential building in eight typical cities by questionnaires, field measures and numerical simulations.In order to grasp the situation of residential energy consumption in these cities, a certain number of households were selected separately. From May 2007 to May 2008, two relevant questionnaires on the building construction, usage of chief energy consumption equipments, living habits, indoor thermal environment and quality of air as well as usage of energy consumption were separately executed in summer and winter and the data collections on monthly electricity, gas and tap water consumption lasting for one year were also carried out on these households. The results of surveys show that the potential of energy saving is large and the difference of residential energy consumption among cities is outstanding, mainly influenced by the difference among zones and life patterns of residents. The factors to influence household energy consumption are many. The income, amount and age of family member and the way to cool have outstanding effect on energy consumption, while the age and effective area of building have less one on it.Aiming specially at residential buildings in Beijing, two representative households were selected for one-year detailed measure on terminal energy consumption and indoor and outdoor thermal and humidity environment on December 2007. The results of measure show that air conditioning and heating occupies the largest share of all-year energy consumption, cooking plus hot water and television plus computer are secondary, and lighting and washing take a smaller share. In the way of monthly proportion of energy consumption, air conditioning and heating are primary in winter and summer while cooking plus hot water and television plus computer are chief in transitional season. The energy consumption of air conditioning and heating and refrigeratory has significant relationship with outdoor temperature and cooking plus hot water has less prominent relationship with it. The household awaiting electricity can't be ignored also.On the basis of detailed testing data, using the software of DeST-h, build up the typical building model. Energy consumption of air conditioning and heating of typical building in Beijing was simulated. And comparing the experimental results with the results by simulation, the reliability and practicability of the model is validated adequately. On the basis of that the model is optimized. The results of simulation indicate that the location of household, the instance of adjacent household and the obturation performance of window and door have significant effect on energy consumption and the running mode of air conditioning and heating is secondary. Comparatively, the continuing improvement of performance of window and wall gains less effect on energy saving.