The Research Of The Factors On Occupents Neck Injures During Coach Rear Impacts

Road passenger transport as an important mode of passenger on the bus have high requirements for the bus performance, and the security ranks in many properties.In all incidents, collisions (positive collision, side collision, rear-end and roll) account for a large proportion of a large number of car accidents at home and abroad, according to recent statistical studies have shown that rear-end collisions in which although the proportion of the total in the accident only 8%, but due to neck injury accounts for about 30%, while the proportion of 5% are fatal.In rear-end collision, the crew will often be whiplash neck injury, such damage would lead to multiple and longer duration of illness (WDA).Neck injury in a number of factors, such as the seat structure characteristics, collision speed, quality and passenger vehicle and other personal fitness. As currently developed countries do not make laws and regulations of rear-end collision of the occupant protection, only the passenger frontal impact occupant protection laws and regulations, but only M1 and M2 class passenger. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is a large bus through the rear-end collision on the simulation analysis, a preliminary understanding of large-scale passenger car occupants in rear-end impact neck injury affecting the main factors of the neck to improve occupant safety measures and means for the future.Firstly, by using explicit finite element analysis program ANSYS/LS-DYNA, a review of relevant research data to establish a 6127-type passenger vehicle rear-end collision of the finite element simulation model. Model includes Hybridâ…¢50 percentile dummy FE model, seat belts, seat, and mobile vehicle model. Subsequently, using this model, the angle of seat backs, head to headrest distance, the crew sitting position, seat position in the passenger car, seat belts and mobile vehicle quality and speed on dynamic response of the neck.Finally,The main parameters of the model output first occipital (OC) Department of shear force, moment, acceleration of the head and lower neck, with neck injury criterion NIC Nkm and evaluation of the risk of neck injury. Simulation results show that the last row of passenger dummy neck Nkm greater than the middle and front passenger dummy in the Nkm values; seat back angle greater impact on Nkm values; as the quality and speed of moving vehicles increased, Nkm values also increased; head position and the crew sitting on the OC Department of shear force and bending moment greater impact; and not only by the seat occupant neck injury parameters and characteristics of moving vehicles, the rear body with energy absorbing passenger structure of energy absorption characteristics.The results show that the following methods can reduce neck injuries:the tail structure in the bus, where appropriate, to allow increased seat back angle, headrest and head, while maintaining the same distance; to improve body energy absorption tail structure capacity, strengthen the skeleton of the stiffness of the floor seats to prevent the seat back over flip; car when narrowing the distance between headrest and head, or head on the headrest.