| In this study, some apricot cultivars and intervarietal hybrid progenies(F1)were used as the experiment materials. The characteristics of pollination biology, mechanism of self-incompatibility among apricot cultivars, the prolific character and selection of some new apricot lines were investigated. And the standard of China fresh apricot were primarily discussed. The main results were as followings:1.The pollination biology of some apricot cultivars were studied. The results were as followings: ①There were bigger differences in flowering phase of different apricot cultivars. Hongfeng apricot and other cultivars have 3~7 days later than Badanshuixing in flowering phase, which provides germplasm for selecting late-flowering cultivar. ② There were bigger differences in fruit set of some apricot mutual pollination. The appropriate pollinizers for some apricot cultivars were also selected. The pollination study showed that best pollinizer cultivar for Hongfeng apricot was Tezaohong apricot, for Xinshiji apricot was Luotouhuang, for Tezaohong was Xinshiji. The cross incompatibility between Hongfeng and Xinshiji apricot were also found. ③ The self pollination results showed that the self-pollination rate for Katy was 35.5% and Katy were suggested to be a self-compatible cultivar, while the self-pollination rate for Hongfeng, Xinshiji apricot etal were between 0-3.61% and they were suggested to be self-incompatible cultivars.2. The pollen germination and pollen tube growth status were observed through fluorescence squashing technique. The results showed that the pollen of compatible and incompatible apricot cultivars were all germinated and had no great significant growth difference in initial stages. When pollinated after 72h, the tube reached the 3/4 location away from ovary, the tube bottom of incompatible apricots were swelled and stopped growth, while the tube of compatible vatieties could still grow and reached into the ovary when pollinated after 96h.3.The relation between stigma amino acids content with self- incompatibility among apricot cultivars were studied. The results showed that there were no great significant pollen difference between compatible and incompatible apricot cultivars (lines), but little difference in amino acids contents between stigma and pollen. The incompatible apricot cultivars had a relatively higher contents in tyrosine,threonine,methionine and arginine and the difference were significant.4. The genetic variation of fertile flowers rate and incompatibility of hybrid progenies lines from Katy were first studied in and out land. The results were as followings:①The hybrid progenies(F1) were separated abroadly , fertile flowers were dominated by quantitative genes and average fertile flower rate was 31.2% and lower than average of two parents(32.7%) and present normal distribution; ②According to the standard that self-pollinating fruit set of self-compatibility was higher than 6%, while self-incompatibility was lower than 6%, the ratio between self-compatible and self incompatible population was 28 to 24 in treated 52 lines and accorded to 1 to 1 proportion byχ2 test that means the S-locus of Katy was heterotic and self-compatibility to self-incompatibility was dominant. But there were bigger difference in self-pollinating fruit set of self-compatible apricot lines and had quantitative genetic variation character, which showed that there shoud exist modifying gene besides S-RNase. ③ The correlation analysis results showed that the correlation coefficient r for fertile flowers and fruit set percentage was 0.766, while the correlation coefficient r for self-pollinating fruit set and fruit set number of whole individual plant. The fertile flowers had stronger correlation with the fruit set number of whole individual plant. So the rate of fertile flower was suggested as the first selection index for apricot prolific. 5. The breeding object and standard of fresh apricot were primarily discussed, that is:①fertile flowers ratio is higher than 30%；② self fruit... |
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