| Peony ( Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), which belongs to the Paeonia, Ranunculaceae, has been rated as the rare and endangered species in Inner-Mongolia and therefore it has great importance to study the measurement for protection of it. The main purposes of this study are to reveal the pollination characteristics of peony, to find out the effect of pollination insect on the propagation of peony and the relationship between endangerment of the peony and pollination biology, and then to get the theoretical basis in pollination biology for the protection of the species. By field investigation and lab experiment, two natural population of peony in Gaogeshitaihanwula Nature Sanctuary in Chifeng of Inner-Mongolia and two cultivar of peony in the Peony Garden of Inner-Mongolia Agricultural School were investigated for their habit of flowering, pollination insects and breeding system for two successive years . Following are the results:1 .The morphological and biological characteristics of cultivar with simple flower are almost same as that of the wild species but are great different with that of the cultivar with double flower.2.The flower of peony is dichogamy and protogyny. There was no significant difference in pollen vitality in the early days (1-2d) after flowering among the cultivar with simple flower, cultivar with double flower and the wild species. With the time going on, some difference appeared. For the wild species, it kept the high pollen vitality of more than 90% within 6d after flowering. For cultivar with simple flower, after two days in high level at about 95% since pollen dissemination, although the pollen vitality began to drop slowly from the third day, usually it still kept at 80% to the sixth day. But, for cultivar with double flower, the pollen vitality dropped greatly from the second day and it reduced to 50% to the sixth day. The stigma activity also showed difference among the three populations. The stigma activity of wild species and the cultivar with simple flower wasstronger, which got their highest activity at 4h after flowering and the best pollinated stage was from 2h to the third day after flowering. But the stigma activity of cultivar with double flower was weaker and the best pollinated stage was shorter and different among individual. So, the best pollinating stage of peony is at 4h after flowering and the best pollinated stageof stigma overlaps with the stage of high vitality of pollen for a longer time about 3 days. 3.With fragrance but no nectar, the only remuneration is pollen for the insect ofHymenoptera and Diptera and pollen and petal for the insect of Coleoptera. Investigation showed that there are 29 species flower visiting insect in the three experimental site. They belong to 13 families and 4 orders. Among them, the most is Hymenoptera, 10 species account for 34.7% and the second is Diptera and Coleoptera,9 species account for 20.8% respectively and the lest is Lepidoptera, 1 species account for 3.47%.4.There are 14 species main pollinating insect for peony. Different site has different species and the rate and efficiency of pollination are also different for different species. The main pollinating insect for peony in nature sanctuary are Mylabris speoiosa Pallas, Euodinus bifasciatus (Olivier), Euodinus interrogations (linnaeus), Lasiotrichius succinctus (pallas,1781), Potosaia famelica (Janson,1875), Lasioglosum spl and potosia brevitarsis kewis. The main pollinating insects for peony in Peony Garden of Inner-Mongolia Agricultural School are Apis mellifera linnaeua, Eristalis arbustorum (Linnaeus), Eristalis tenax (Linnaeus), Lasioglosum spl, Eristalis cezealis Fabricius, Lasioglosum sp2. Among them, Apis mellifera linnaeua, Lasioglosum spl and Lasioglosum sp2 are high in flower visiting rate and carry more pollen which are 12-29mg, 7.863mg and 3.264mg respectively. They are the highly efficient pollinating insects for peony. Syrphidae visits flower at high rate but it carries small amount of pollen by hair in its body for cross-pollination, so perhaps the...
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