Studies On Karyotype & G-banded Patterns And C-banded Patterns Of Xiaoshan Chickens,Beijing Fatty Chickens And Langshan Chickens

Karyotype analysis was carried out on Chinese native chickens (i.e. Xiaoshan chickens, Beijing fatty chickens and Langshan chickens) using the peripheral lymphocyte culture technique, G-banded patterns were obtained with trypsin and Giemsa, and C-banded patterns were treated with barium hydroxide and Giemsa. The results were as followed.(1) The peripheral lymphocyte culture technique was suitable for avian chromosome preparing, which offered a feasible approach of avian chromosome preparation.(2) The karyotypes of three Chinese native chickens were similar to each other. All three species had a diploid number of 78, with 10 pairs of macrochromosomes including the sex-chromosome and 29 pairs of microchromosomes. However, the type of No.4 chromosome was not completely identical among three species.(3) Analysis of G-banded patterns for macrochromosomes of the three species indicated that the banded patterns were quite different. The macrochromosomes of Xiaoshan chickens were divided into 34 zones and 159 bands; while both Beijing fatty chickens and Langshan chickens were 33 zones and 151 bands.(4) The C-banded patterns were observed on many microchromosomes and W chromosome was totally dark-stained, which proved furtherly that C-banded technique could be used in avian sex indemnification.(5) Significant correlation between karyotypic characteristics (relative length of No.1chromosome) and some performance traits in Langshan chickens were also found, which implied that the karyotypic characteristics could be used as an important criteria to assisted breeding.(6) Karyotype resemblance-near coefficient was adoptable in avian. After collected the same date about the other five native chickens(Xianju chickens, Luyuan chickens, Shouguang chickens, Silkies and Jiuyuan Black chickens), the eight Chinese native chickens were clustered 3 colonies according to their resemblance-near coefficient, which was approximately uniform to original areas and distribution.(7) Comparison on karyotype and G-banded patterns between the domestic fowl and quail showed that they had a diploid number of 78, but their positions of centromere of macrochromosomes were different from each other. Analysis of G-banded patterns for macrochromosomes of them indicated that there was great difference between No.1 and No.2 chromosome, which could be explained by pericentric inversions.