| China is a large agricultural country and a great quantity of crop residues is produced every year. Treatment of crop residues varies in different regions and they are not used or even burned in some places, which is a waste of resources. Whether the crop residues can be utilized reasonably is related to sustainable agricultural development and environmental protection. Crop straw can be used as fertilizer, forage, fuel, and as materials for paper-making, edible fungus-producing, art-crafts and as industrial materials. At present, it is mainly used as fertilizer to directly return to the fields and as fuel, forage, but returning the straw directly to the fields has no fertilizer efficiency. And piling the straw up in some place and not using it, or even burning the straw after harvest is not only a great resource waste but also cause environmental pollution. Smog caused by burning crop straw has direct impacts on people's daily life, agriculture and industrial production.This paper analyzed the essential reasons that the straw is used in unreasonable ways or even that farmers burn the straw, and put forward the viewpoint that forbidding straw burning with administrative measures can not solve the problem satisfactorily. The key factor to solve this problem lies in finding a good way out for straws. Using crop straws such as rice and wheat straw as substrates to cultivate edible fungi, especially Stropharia rugoso-annulata Farlow ex Murrill , can not only produce nutritional and pollute-free and marketable food, but also reduce pollution,improve environment, thus providing a good way to solve the straw burning problem.In light of the present situation that there is no Stropharia rugoso-annulata strain developed in Sichuan Province and that the introduced strain cannot adapt to the climate and environmental conditions in Sichuan, breeding on Stropharia rugoso-annulata was conducted and one strain that meets the requirements was selected. Firstly, a wild Stropharia rugoso-annulata fruitbody was picked under a bamboo grove and some tissue was isolated from the fruitbody and cultured on medium; Secondly, the purified mycete was cultured under room temperature on 5 kinds of straw materials without any supplements with the moisture content being 70-75%. The five kinds of materials include rice straw, maize straw, wheat straw, sugarcane residue, and buckwheat hulls. The selected Stropharia rugoso-annulata strain No.l can grow well on these substrates. Experiment was conducted for three years to compare the selected train with the introduced one from Fujian Province. The result showed that the selected No.l strain can produce higher mushroom yield than the introduced variety (CK) and the quality is also better than the introduced one.In Stropharia rugoso-annulata mushroom production, constraints include easy pollution of spawn and the long culture period, which have become limiting factors for mass production of Stropharia rugoso-annulata. In order to make clear the key factors affecting the mycelial growth speed and the spawn vigor, experiments on effects of the air permeability, low temperature and spawn age on the mycelial growth speed were conducted. In addition, different sowing season regime experiments in field were conducted.The air permeability experiment by using three different bottle cover materials showed that: in the same cultivation substrate and under thesame humidity ,the mycelial growth speed in bottles with double layers of newspaper or fiber cotton as bottle cover had no significant difference, but mycelia in bottles with double layers of polypropylene film had much lower growth speed than that with the former two materials. The result indicated that the mycelial growth in Stropharia rugoso-annulata needs good air permeability, which is different from former research results. Mycelial growth speed had no obvious difference after the spawn was treated under 4 low temperature treatments. Compared with the effect of air permeability, low temperature stimulation had relatively much lower influence on the g...
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