| Pinellia, Pinellia ternata(Thunb.)Breit. is an important medicinal plant. It has broad prospects for utilization, such as anti-tumor, anti-early pregnancy, hypolipidemic and other therapeutic efficacy. In recent years, it is largely used in China, but there are still difficulties in arge scall cultivation of this medicinal plant. Some negative impacts are found to disturbing artificial culture of this plant. Firstly, pinellia is a fertilizer-loving plant that needs a large number of base fertilizers and should be fertilized several times during its growing seasons to ensure high-yield. Therefore, a steady support of fertilizer is an ideal condition for growers. Secondly, there is a high requirement for field management such as weed, irrigation, etc, especially for irrigation. Both high and low soil moisture contents could greatly affect the output. Thirdly, pinellia is destroyed by many insect pest and diseases, of which the most common pest is the soft rot caused by a bacterium, and there's no effective preventive and control measures to date. When pinellia plants are infected by this disease, it will cause a large-scale drop in production so much as the serious consequences of crops. With the development of pinellia tissue culture, its cultivation need further improve.Using plant fiber molding machine and the corresponding molds, s seedling tray was developed with the residues of plant biomass and high quality organic fertilizer as raw materials. According to the characteristics of the cultivation of pinellia seedlings, and on the purposes of high fertilizer efficiency, water conservation, disease resistance and environmental protection, we designed the experiments on fertilizer efficiency of composite seedling trays, water retaining agent selection and dosage, carbendazim and antagonistic bacteria resistance test to develop and optimize the seedling tray.Firstly, a depth of 20 mm mould with the cone at the bottom was adopted. The mold was mounted to the plant fiber molding machine to produce seedling tray. Through follow-up transmission devices, additives such as substrate, water retaining agent and anti-bacterial agent can be added to produce a complete seedling tray. The raw materials of cow dung and eichhornia crassipes were abraded to be the states of silk. Such silk materials mixed with bamboo pulp were pressed to produce the bottom board of seedling tray which could be adapted to plant pinellia. When the ratio of cow dung and bamboo pulp was 1:1, the growth best of pinellia was obtained, and the seedling tray can be completely degraded.Secondly, pinellia cultivation needs a large number of base fertilizers. Mix cow dung pulp slurry and water hyacinth pulp slurry as the ratio of 1:1, then use the mixture as a substrate with the dosage of 1.05kg/m2 to combine with the seedling tray, the sprout tumble and growth condition of pinellia was analyzed. The seedling tray could prevent sprout from tumble, prolong the period of growth. Besides, the seedling tray formulated the fertilizer much more effective and it was helpful for the growers to reduce the invest of fertilizer.Thirdly, the rate of sopping up and the ratio of water-absorbent in different salt concentration solutions were measured through 5 commercial water retaining agents, with water retaining agents from Japan and Tangshan Boya Company. And the performances were thus selected. Under the same drought conditions, we tested the growth condition of pinellia, with results showed that the water retaining agent of 10g/m2 dosage from Japan was found to be the best for pinellia growing.Fourthly, the antibacterial effect of carbendazim and endophytic antagonistic bacteria P-Y11T-3-1 was tested. The results showed that the antagonistic bacteria P-Y11T-3-1of the concentration of 4×103 CFUml-1 has a better perform to resist the soft rot and could promote pinellia's growth. It has enormous potential in preventing and treating soft rot. But the antagonistic bacteria P-Y11T-3-1 will obviously debase the germination of pinellia seeds so that further study is needed in its application.In conclusion, a new type of efficient cultivation techniques was explored aimed at problems in cultivation of pinellia and it adopted biodegradable seedling tray that composite with a variety of functional materials such as water retaining agent and antibacterial agent to plant pinellia. The results showed that the new cultivation technique can make the fertilizer much more effective, prolong the period of growth of pinellia , increase its production, and effectively resist the soft rot, is conducive to the development of pinellia ternata industry. At the same time, the residues of plant biomass such as water-hyacinth had been utilized and a new effective way of using abandoned plant biomass was opened up. The use of antagonistic bacteria was found to have negative impact on the germination rate of pinellia.
|
PDF Full Text Request