Studies On Effects Of Shading, 6-BA, GA₃ On Growth And Effective Constituents Of Pinellia Ternata (Thunb.) Breit.

Pinella ternata(Thunb.)Breit. is herbaceous monocotyledon of Araceae Pinellia .Its tuber is one of traditional Chinese medicinal herbs. P.ternata were dealt under different shading,different concentration 6-BA,GA3 sprayed and processed based on China pharmacopoeia (2005)from 2005 to 2007. The main results are as follows:1. The biological characteristics of P. ternata (ovate leaf ,introduced from xinjiang shanxi)under different shading treatments were studied in the experiment in the basin containers. Results showed that the growing development was closed related with the environment factors, germinated in the last ten-days of March, emerged in the last twenty-days of April, sprouted tumble in June and July, and prepared living through the winter in October in the Guanzhong area. The biological characteristics were significantly influnced by the shading treatments. Under shading treatments, the average leaf length, width and plant height were larger than those under full sunlight. Meanwhile, the contents of photosynthetic pigment , the outputs and the number of bulbils under shading treatment were higher than those under full sunlight. The fitting shading treatment was 55%, which is important for the quantity and yield inprovment of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. in the planting.2. The photosynthetic pigment contents,Chlorophyll a/b ration,malondialdehyde(MDA) contents,and superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),catalase(CAT) activities in the leaves of P. ternate(ovate leaf, introduced from shangluo shaanxi). which was under different light intensities during their growth were studied.The results showed that contents of photosynthetic pigment increased first and then decreased in the process of leaf senescence.Being treated with shading,contents of chlorophyll were higher, chlorophyll a/b rate was lower, contents of carotenoid were lower at prophase and metaphase growth stages, while higher at the evening developmental stages.SOD,POD and CAT activities increased first and then decreased,while MDA contents always increased.SOD,POD activities and MDA contents under shading treatment were lower than full light treatment. CAT activities were higher at prophase and metaphase growth stages, while lower at the evening developmental stages.The moderate shading can improve contents of chlorophyll, reduce contents of MDA, improve the status of sprout tumble and provide better condition for the development of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.3. Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit.(ovate leaf, introduced from shangluo shaanxi) were studied.Tubers which were harvested in summer were analyzed.The content of alkaloids and protein has no significant difference.There are more reducing and total sugar content in 80% shading treatment,but guanosine content is lower than full sunlight treatment. Tubers which were harvested in autumn were determined. There are more reducing and total sugar content in shading treatment,but alkaloids,guanosine and protein content are lower than full sunlight treatment. Harvested in summer, Tuber had more reducing and total sugar content, but had lower alkaloids,guanosine and protein content than that were harvested in autumn.As to individual outputs, harvested in summer ,outputs of alkaloids,guanosine and protein of P. ternata under full sunlight were higher than shading treatment.55%shading treatment had more outputs of reducing sugar and total sugar. In autumn harvest time, full sunlight treatment had more individual outputs of alkaloids,guanosine and reducing sugar, while 55%shading treatment had more protein and total sugar. As to 80% shading treatment, the individual outputs were lowest. Comparing summer harvest time with autumn harvested time, Under full sunlight, the individual tuber which were harvested in summer had more outputs of reducing sugar but had less alkaloids,guanosine,protein and total sugar.Under 55% shading treatment,the individual tuber which were harvested in summer had more outputs of reducing sugar and total sugar,but had less alkaloids,guanosine and protein. Under 80% shading treatment,individual tuber which were harvested in summer had more outputs of alkaloids,reducing sugar and total sugar,but had less guanosine and protein.Under full sunlight ,contents of alkaloids,protein ang reducing sugar of P. ternata (linear leaf, introduced from xinjiang shanxi) are higher.However,guanosine content was higher under 55% shading treatment.As to the individual output,tuber had more reducing sugar and total sugar under full sunlight,and more alkaloids,guanosine and protein under 55% shading treatment.Comparing effective constitutents beteen ovate leaf and linear leaf P. ternate,there are more contents of alkaloids,reducing sugar and total sugar in ovate leaf P. ternate,and higher guanosine and peotein in linear leaf P. ternate,4. Leaf length and height of P. ternata (linear leaf, introduced from xinjiang shanxi)which were sprayed 6-BA increased significantly.However ,Sprayed GA3,the leaf length shorten and height increased significantly.Photosynthetic pigment increased in which were sprayed 6-BA or 50 mg·L-1 GA3. Sprayed 6-BA ,output of tuber, contents of alkaloids and guanosine increased. Sprayed GA3, output of tuber, contents of alkaloids , guanosine and protein decreased.Individual outputs of alkaloids,guanosine were maximum which was sprayed 6-BA,but alkaloids,guanosine and protein decreased which was sprayed GA3.According to the experiment,it was known that spraying 50 mg·L-1 6-BA is better for P. ternate growth.5.The cortex of P.ternata'tuber has more alkaloids and reducing sugar ,while the peeled tuber has more protein and total sugar,and guanosine content has no diffience. Different processed P.ternatas are different from effective constituents. The content of alkaloids showed: P. ternate> Rhizoma Pinelliae preparatum>Ginger-processing,Ginger-processing and Alumen-processing has no significant difference. The content of guanosine showed: P. ternate> Alumen-processing> Ginger-processing> Rhizoma Pinelliae preparatum. The content of protein was: P. ternate> Rhizoma Pinelliae preparatum> Alumen-processing> Ginger-processing. The content of reducing sugar was: Alumen-processing> Ginger-processing> P. ternate> Rhizoma Pinelliae preparatum. The content of total sugar was: P. ternate> Alumen-processing, Ginger-processing> Rhizoma Pinelliae preparatum.