Effects Of Several Factors On The Anther Culture Of Potato

Anthers from thirty-four genotypes of potato were cultured in the experiment. Factors that influence of callus inducing rate and browning rate were analyzed. Including the effects of genotype,types of hormone,developmental stage of pollen,concentration of AgN03,active carbon, potato extract and other effect factors. Simultaneous, regeneration plant via anther culture in potato have carried out cytobiological identification; the agronomy of regeneration plant via anther culture in potato was observed.The results showed that:1. When the microspore characteristics of bud is in mononuclear margination stage, flower bud size is 6.0～7.5 mm ,the color of anther is light green. Under these conditions, it is the best stage that suitables for the anther culture of potato.2.The ability of different genotypes of potato to anther culture is of qreat dependent . The frequency of induction anther callus from Ke xin 13 was higher than others. The frequency of induction was 7.4%. But the frequency of induction anther callus from Dadi 3 and You jin was 0.3.Low temperature treatment for 4 days was helpful for inducing potato anther callus. The percentage of anther callus induction enhanced remarkably when 32℃high temperature treatment for 48h.4.The percentage of callus formation increases obviously for 4d after treating with mannitol in different days. Mannito concentrations with 40 g/L gave the highest callus induction percentage.5.Phytohormone played an important role in potato anther culture. MS+NAA 0.5mg/L+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L+KT 1.0 mg/L was comparatively more suitable for callus inducement.6.The culture medium with 6% cane sugar gave the highest callus induction percentage. Potato extracts could increase embryoid induction rate and the suitable concentration was 50g/L.7.Medium added with 20 mg/L AgNO3 could reduce the anther brown rate effectively and increase callus induction rate. when active carbon was added to medium, the anther brown rate reduced ,The culture medium with 1.5% active carbon gave the highest callus induction percentage.8.The relationship between the number of chloroplast in stomata guard cell and the ploidy was noted. The chloroplast numbers of dihaploid was between 10～20, the chloroplast numbers of tetraploid cultivars was between 20～30.9.The differences of the dihaploids and their parental tetraploid cultivars were noted in the traits such as plant vigor, leaf color and tuber shape.