Substrate And Fertilizer Screening For Cut Flower Production Of Lily Cultivars

By document collection, the feasibility of using three kinds of organic wastes, including sawdust, stalk and mushroom residue as peat substitution on soilless culture was studied. The materials above were mixed with other inorganic materials and 6 substrate of different composition were determined. The physical and chemical characters of the substrate treatments with the growth and development indexes of the plant were analyzed in order to select two best substrate treatment (S1 and S2).The experiment of fertilizer selection (the fertilizer types were organic(F1), inorganic(F2),organic plus inorganic(F3),nutrition solution (F4), and take no fertilizer (F5) as control) and the ratio of organic N:inorganic N selection were based on the selection.The results are as followes:1.For Lilium Oriental hybrids'Siberia', with analyzing the values of plant height,leaf number, stem diameter,leaf colour(SPAD readings),maximum flower diameter,bud number and vase life of the inflorescence and so on,3 treatments of which the effect were significantly better than the control in the cultivation were selected.'Siberia'has poor growth in the control substrate because which has unfermented component.The treatments T2 (peat:sawdust:vermiculite:perlite=3:5:5:1), T4 (peat:sawdust:vermiculite:sand=4:2:3:1) and T6 (stalk: mushroomresidue:vermiculite:sand=4:2:1:3) all could be the substrates in cut flower production of Lilium'Siberia'. T2 had the best effect in all the treatments.2. For Lilium'Siberia'and'Sorbonne', the results of fertilizer selection were as followes:(1) The growth of 2 cultivars of lily cultured with both organic and inorganic fertilizer were the best, followed by only organic. The treatments which contain organic fertilizer can significantly add the diameter of shoot, those contain inorganic fertilizer can increase the height of plant and SPAD readings. The complex of organic plus inorganic fertilizer can expand roots of lily, and also add the fresh and dry weight of roots. The treatments which contain inorganic fertilizer can add the length of roots of lily and root activity. Both organic and inorganic fertilizer (F3) can increase cut-flower rate and first-grade flower rate, and improve the quality of cut flower of lily. (2) The results of nutrient absorption of lily showed that the content of N element in leaf was the most, followed by K absorption, and the content of P element was the least during the cultivation. In the same substrate type, the amount of large number or trace element absorption of lily in sterilized chicken plus inorganic fertilizer treatment were both most, which was fertilized with nutrition solution was least. The complex of organic plus inorganic fertilizer can promote the absorption of large number elements and trace elements balance. (3) Physiological characteristic (photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, Stomatal conduction) of lily measured results show that:Both organic and inorganic fertilizer(F3)can improve the photosynthetic rate, and it was beneficial to synthesize photosynthetic products and protein. Only organic (F1) or only inorganic fertilizer (F2) of 'Siberia' had the highest transpiration rate and stomatal conduction; Only organic fertilizer (F)) of 'Sorbonne' had the highest transpiration rate and stomatal conduction in S1 substrate, and both organic and inorganic fertilizer (F3) had the highest transpiration rate and stomatal conduction in S2 substrate.3. For Lilium'Siberia', the results of ratio of organic N:inorganic N selection were as followes:At the rate 100kg hm^-2,150kg hm^-2,200kg hm^-2,250kg hm^-2 N fertiliters, N2(organic N:inorganic N= 10:90) and N3(organic N:inorganic N=20:80) of 7 treatments were selected, the effects of which were always better than the control and other treatments.The control had the lowest comprehensive evaluation indexes at the rate 100kg hm^-2,150kg hm^-2 and 200kg hm^-2 N fertiliters.