Forest Ecosystems Services And Ecological Compensation Mechanism In Tianbaoyan

Nature Reserve has the important function of conserving water, accumulating soil and water, regulating climate, obstructing wind and sand, improving the environment. The study of ecosystem service function value and mechanism for ecological compensation in nature reserve, has important theoretical and practical meaning, both in the maintenance to ecological function and biological diversity, and in the coordinated development of social economy and ecology. Based on Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve in this article, we estimated the value of forest ecosystem service, analyzed Forest Farmers'Compensation WTA for Eco-forest and the main factors which influence Compensation WTA, and discussed ecological compensation mechanism. Finally, we proposed protection and community development strategies and recommendations for Tianbaoyan National Nature Reserve. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) According to background characteristics of forest ecological environment, we selected 15 indexes, including 7 systems: Water Conservation, Soil Accumulation and Water, Carbon Fixation and Oxygen Release, Air Purification, Biodiversity Conservation, Entertainment Culture, Pest Control, and other aspects of Ecosystem Services. Moreover, we constructed a suitable mathematical model to evaluate the value of forest ecosystem services in Tianbaoyan Nature Reserves. The results showed that the general economic value is 1,143,658,900 yuan for ecosystem services function in Tianbaoyan Nature Reserve, and its economic value is 103,823 yuan / hm2. 7 ecological service function values in the order are: Water Conservation (77.83%) > Carbon Fixation and Oxygen Release (11.33%)> Maintain Biological Diversity (7.51%)> Soil and Water Conservation (1.74%)> other Ecological Functions (1.28%)> Entertainment Culture (0.20%)> Clean Air (0.12%). Water Conservation,Carbon Fixation and oxygen release and Maintenance of Biological Diversity are 3 main functions for ecosystem services in Tianbaoyan Nature Reserve, which account for more than 90% in the total service value. The ratio of Entertainment and cultural value is only 0.20% in the total value of ecosystem services.(2)The article has an analysis on the main factors which influence Compensation WTA in accordance with the contingent valuation method (CVW):â‘ According to Forest Farmers'attitudes on the establishment of Tianbaoyan Nature Reserves, 56.57% of them oppose it. The fundamental reason is family economic loss did not get due compensation. At the same time, restrictions on the use of resource, the lack of transparent management, fair and equity and some other reasons are also the important reasons for their negative reflection.â‘¡Willingness of community residents are mainly distributed in a few bid values of 35,60,100, and so on,among them the maximum number is 100 yuan, accounting for 12.11%. The proportion of 0WTA is accounted for 8.08% . The curve of WTA showed an increasing trend in the overall sample, which well-define the extent and distribution patterns of WTA and correspond with economic forecasts. Calculation result of Forest Farmers'Compensation WTA is 23.03 yuan / mu with arithmetic average method.â‘¢Using Multinomial Logistic regression models to simulate, the results show that differences in educational level, being a cadre or not, level of family income, numbers of family labor, amount of accessible information, differences of agricultural planting varieties, amount of household forest income, living within nature reserve or not, etc. all that are the main factors which influence Farmers'Compensation WTA .(3)With the date collected from Forest Farmers questionnaire survey and appropriate authorities, combined with relevant information, we analyzed the impact of the ecological environment and socio-economic for the establishment of Tianbaoyan Nature Reserves, and built a framework for ecological compensation mechanism(including the principle of compensation, the subject and object of the compensation, compensation standard, funding sources of compensation, ways and means of compensation, compensation methods and implementation mechanisms and so on).â‘ Discussed the principle of compensation standard, the subject and object, funding sources, ways and means of compensation, compensation methods and implementation mechanisms and so on. Focused on the problem of funding source, it is proposed to obtain funds from establishing a diversified investment system with social forces by market instruments, government-led, market participation and self- financing, furnished fund for construction and ecological compensation in Tianbaoyan Nature Reserve;â‘¡It reinforced the importance of ecological compensation standard, and thought the elements which determined standard of ecological compensation are diversified, so ecological compensation can only reflect a relative rather than absolutely fair in the existing condition in Tianbaoyan Nature Reserve. Ecological standard should be considered as the upper limit of compensation, Forest Farmers'Compensation WTA was regarded as the reference of compensation, experts'measurement was conducted as the ultimate standard of compensation, which was 205.9 yuan / mu;â‘¢According to management and community economic conditions in Tianbaoyan Nature Reserve, we determined the principle of ecological compensation, subject and object, methods and means, methods and operating mechanism, constructed generally the content and the framework of ecological compensation mechanism in Tianbaoyan Nature.Therefore, either for the maintenance of ecological functions and biological diversity or the coordinated development of social economic and ecology in Tianbaoyan Nature Reserve, this research both has important theoretical and practical significance.