Studies On The Parameters And Physiological Properties Of Pleurotus Eryngii Industrial Cultivation

Although pleurotus eryngii has a history of artificial cultivation extending more than 50 years, industrial cultivation techniques involving this rare edible mushroom have been the object of much research in recent years. Temperature, relative humidity, light, CO₂ concentration and other environmental conditions can be controlled more effectively under industrial cultivation conditions compared with natural environments or more primitive facilities, and mushroom yields and quality are more stable. At the same time, a set of cultivation technique and parameters of every stage of that, suitable for the pleurotus eryngii physiological properties, basic on the production flow, is required to meet the requirement of the industrial cultivation with high efficiency and intensive production characters.13 pleurotus eryngii strains were selected. The strains were tested judging from the mycelial growth rate and vigor, the yield and the cultivation time and the cultivation characters. Then the strain selected out was investigated the suitable substrate for it. The parameters about the substrate were also determined. The best incubation temperature and variation of the temperature during the incubation period was also investigated, and basis on which, the parameters of the incubation room environmental conditions were settled, further more, the improvement of the environmental control was also made. The environmental control of the cultivation room was determinate basis on the characteristic of the different growing stage of pleurotus eryngii and the experience of cultivation technique. This thesis has done the following researches:1 The determination of the relationship between the 13 strains showed: 5 groups were determined according to the results of the mycelial antagonistic test and the cultivation characters results. The first group included: no.1, no.2, no.5, no.6, no.7, no.8, no.9, no.11, no.12. The second group included: no.3. The third group included: no.4. The fourth group included: no. 10. The fifth group included: no.13. While the esterase isozyme test showed that there were 6 groups: The first group included: no.1, no.2. The second group included: no.5, no.6, no.7, no.8, no.9, no.11, no.12. The third group included: no.3. The fourth group included: no.4. The fifth group included: no.10. The sixth group included: no.13.The no.5 strain was determined to be suitable for the industrial cultivation, whose mycelia grew fastest (0.59 cm·d～(-1)), vigorous, white and intensive on PDA and yield per bottle reached highest (145.36g) while the cultivation time was short (52d). Moreover, fruit body of this strain exhibited excellent characteristics (solid, long stipe with wide girth, gray cap with a slightly larger diameter).3 The compost formula suitable for pleurotus eryngii industrial cultivation was: sawdust 35%, corn cob 35%, wheat bran 15%, corn meal 5%, and rice bran 10%, on which mycelia grew fastest, vigorous and the yield per bottle reached highest, up to 137.38g. Further more, adding 10%～15% residue of P.eryngii to the compost improved the mycelium growth vigor and rate, promoted the yield by 12.40g and 10.56g to CK. While 25% Residue of P.eryngii in the compost made the mycelium growth conditions and yield decreased. The results also showed that there was no difference in cultivation time adding residue of P.eryngii or not. The orthogonal test of the parameters of the compost showed that the mycelial growth rate and the yield reached highest when the water content of the compost was 65%, pH value 7.0 and 6.5, and average yield per bottle 710g and 700g.4 mycelia grew fastest, vigorous, white and intensive on PDA when the incubation temperature was 25℃. The air temperature of the incubation room always kept at 22℃.While tracked the mycelial growth conditions, we found that the temperature decreased within 1～3d of the incubation period. It increased rapidly from 20℃to25℃within 4～10d, while it increased sharply in 11～18d, and the highest temperature reached as far as 29℃. It decreased significantly from 28℃to 22℃in 19—28d. It maintained at 22℃in 30～35d. So the incubation temperature maintained at a very high level during 11～26d, and the highest temperature kept at 29℃for 24h. On that score, the temperature change in the bottle couldn't be detected with the air temperature as the standard to control the environment. The difference always existed between the air temperature and the compost temperature. At that point, which was 10 d after inoculation when the compost temperature started to increase, further measures should be taken to temperature reduction: fans in the ceiling to accelerate the air flow, refrigerating machinery operation while the highest temperature stage. The set point of the environmental parameters of the incubation room was: air temperature 22℃, relative humidity 63%, CO₂ concentration 3000mg/kg.5 The cultivation time of pleurotus eryngii industrial cultivation can be divided into 4 stages during which the set point of the environmental parameters of the cultivation room was as follows: air temperature 18℃, relative humidity 97%～99%, CO₂ concentration 2000mg/kg in the first stage which was also called the rapid mycelial recovery stage in l～3d; air temperature 16℃, relative humidity 95% (4～6d)and 89% (7～8d) , CO₂ concentration 1800mg/kg in the second stage which was also called the pinhead forming stage in 4～8d; air temperature 16℃, relative humidity85% (9d) ;90%(10～11d); 85%(12～13d); 87%～89%(14-～15d); 90%(16～17d), CO₂ concentration 1800mg/kg(9～10d),2000mg/kg～3500mg/kg (11～15d) in the third stage which was also called the mushroom cultivation stage in 9～15d; air temperature 16℃, relative humidity 90%, CO₂ concentration 1500mg/kg in the fourth stage which was also called the harvest stage in 16～17d.