Study And Analysis Of Polyphenols From Pistacia Vera L.

Using plants and wound callus as the experimental materials, it was studied the total phenols, flavanols, and condensed tannins of pistachio by the methods of spectrophotometry, chromatography and mass spectrometry. The study content included the method optimization of extraction, separation, purification and qualitative analysis of the pistachio phenol. It was also compared the contents and changes of the total phenols, flavanols, condensed tannin and monomeric phenols with different organs in plants. It was analysed the polyphenol content of wound callus. The main results was as follows:1, The best program for polyphenol extraction was as follows: 40% acetone-aqueous solution, material : acetone-aqueous solution( 1:75) , 60min water bath extraction at 60℃for 3 times.2, Extracted with 70% methanol-water solution according to the ratio of material to liquid 1:50 in 60℃water bath extraction for 3 times, the polyphenol was purified by C18 column and then was detected by HPLC. With the mobile phase of methanol / water which adjusted the pH value to 4 with acetic acid, the eight main monomeric phenols were separated from the extraction by gradient elution (20% methanol for 0min, 30% methanol for 10min, 30% methanol for 20min, 80% methanol for 30min). According to qualitative analysis of mass spectrometry, the eight main monomeric phenols were gallic acid, catechol, syringic acid, phenol and p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, rutin and protocatechuic acid. It was inferred that there were the methyl esterifications and their own material in gallic acid which was isolated from the plant leaves.3, Compared the contents and the changes of total phenols, flavanols, condensed tannin isolated from different tissues of three pistachio varieties of peters, kerman and Xinjiang growing in different periods, the results showed that the order of total phenols content of leaves in three pistachio varieties was that peters> kerman> Xinjiang from April to October. The contents of flavanols isolated from leaves, phloem and xylem were related each other. The contents of condensed tannin were less than the other phenols and showed a fluctuation from April to October.4, The eight main monomeric phenols were analysed qualitatively by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that catechol and gallic acid distributed in all tissue in the plants and the order of the contents respectively were that phloem (40%)> leaves (33%)> bud (16%)> xylem (9%)> seed (2%) and leaves (69%)> phloem (12%)> bud (8%)> xylem (8%)> seed (3%) ,and they changed with the temperature. It was not detected protocatechuic acid in the leaves among three pistachio varieties growing in July.5, It was detected of the phenolic substances isolated from the buds of pistachio growing in the winter. The results showed that the contents of total phenols, flavanols and condensed tannin were changed during the winter. The contents of gallic acid, catechol were 37% and 53%, respectively. The contents of the other monomeric phenols was 10% in the total phenols. The contents of gallic acid and catechol isolated from kerman was higher 1～3 times than that from the other two pistachio varieties.6, It was analysed the content of the phenolic substances isolated from wound callus. The results showed that the contents of total phenols and flavanols from not-browning callus were higher about 21% and 43% respectively than that from browning callus. And compared with the non-browning callus, the content of the condensed tannin content was higher about one time and the content of ferulic acid was higher about 6 times in browning callus. The phenol and p-coumaric acid were detected in the non-browning callus. The syringic acid, rutin and protocatechuic acid were not detected in all wound callus.