Study On The Pesticide Application Of Farming System In Fujian Province

Since 1950's, along with the development of social and accelerated process of agricultural modernization, the demand for pesticides has been increasing. However, a large number of facts indicated that the extensive use of chemical pesticides has become one of the important factors of environmental pollution. As pesticide application for large-scale and management irregularities and other factors, their influences had resulted in damaging on the balance of agro-ecosystem. Reducing the environmental pollution caused by pesticides to improve the natural environment has become important urgent issues to promote agricultural production in Fujian province.From March 2008 to April 2009, it was my honor to participate the Census of agriculture sources of China Pollution of Source Census in Fujian Province. Based on the original census data, this paper uses the methods of combining sample survey with typical investigation, the dynamic analysis and static analysis, individual analysis and comparative analysis, applying the principles of the aggregated volume analysis, carries out a systematic, comprehensive study on the pesticide application of farming system in Fujian province. The following conclusions are obtained:Fujian pesticide input existed time differences, in the recent 20 years, the general trend was decreasing-increasing-decreasing; since 1999 started the same, the annual input was about 50,000t. There were significant differences of pesticides input between different regions in Fujian province. The highest application rate of pesticides was in region of Zhangzhou City, accounting for 37.62kg/hm2, and the lowest was in region of Xiamen City, accounting for 10.21kg/hm2. There were also significant differences of pesticide application rate in different crops. The averaged rate of pesticide application was higher in fruit tree and lower in vegetables, accounting for 49.45 kg/hm2 in fruit tree and 13.79kg/hm2 in vegetables, the former was more than 3 times than the latter. The application rates of grain and tea were 18.45 kg/hm2, 14.7 kg/hm2 respectively.Among the investigation of grain crops, the annual proportion of actual consumption of pesticide was the largest 3229.49kg, followed by herbicides 1005.205kg and fungicides 908.57kg. In the investigation of vegetable crops, the annual proportion of pesticide consumption was the largest 348.12kg, followed by herbicides 348.12kg and fungicides 214.757kg. In the investigation of fruit crops, the annual actual consumption of fungicides was the largest 8319.12kg, followed by pesticides 2723.43kg and herbicides 1148.53kg. In the investigation of tea crops, the annual actual pesticide consumption was the largest 1556.42kg, followed by herbicide 1115.97kg and fungicides 705.02kg.There were some problems about pesticides application in Fujian province, such as a large amount of high intensity of pesticide used, irrational structure of pesticide varieties, non-standard management and monitoring on pesticides, low levels of pesticide risk assessment, lack of technical training for farmers, farmers with low cultural quality, lack of knowledge of pesticides, and so on. These problems influenced the level of pesticides application and hindered the development of farming system in Fujian province.The countermeasures of reasonable application of pesticides and pollution control have been proposed to dear with the problems existing in pesticides in Fujian province, included building an sustainable management system to reduce pesticide use, optimizing the structure of the pesticide varieties, reasonable controlling pesticide dose, popularizing the scientific pesticides application technology and other means to increase the effect of pesticide application. The pesticide-contaminated areas could be controlled by training the scientific and safety pesticides application, strengthening the agricultural and law enforcement and standardizing the production and market of pesticides.