Study On Growth Features And Infuencing Factors Of Production And Quality Of Ranunculus Ternatus Thunb

This research chose Ranunculus ternatus Thunb. as material studied the variations types of the wild type Ranunculus ternatus Thunb. using field observation and ISSR molecular markers, the effect of different planting density on the growth and development,production and the active contents of Ranunculus ternatus Thunb.,the effect of controlled growth and fertilizer treatments on the production and the contents under field conditions..The main conclusions were as follows:1.Ranunculus ternatus Thunb. is the perennial herb, and its growth period can be divided into four stages:seeding,bud stage,flowering and maturity. Seeding stage is from the end of September to the end of December, about 80-90d, it takes 1/3 of the total growth period.Bud stage is from the beginning of January to the end of Febrary,about 50-60d. Flowering stage is about about from the end of Febrary to the middle of April,about 50~60d. The maturity stage is from the first ten days of April to the last ten days of May,about 15~20d. Its total growth period takes about 220d..2.According to the ISSR analysis of DNA extracted from five leaf types Ranunculus ternatus Thunb., the UPGMA cluster analysis of the five leaf types Ranunculus ternatus Thunb.based on ISSR marked bands and integrated data, the result indicated that the five different leaf types Ranunculus ternatus Thunb. could be divided into two branchs at threshold 0.44.The first branch contains the second leaf type, and the second branch contains the other four types.The second Branch was divided into two groups at threshold 0.53: one group was leaf type 1 and 5 at threshold 0.61, and the other was leaf type 3 and 4 at threshold 0.54. The result indicated that leaf type 1 and 5 have a close phylogenetic relationship. Analyzes from the production and the active contents,the leaf type 2 was superior to other leaf types to be breeded.3.Under field conditions,the accumulation of dry matter per plant Renunculus ternatus Thunb shows"S"curve changes in its whole growth period. Different density treatments have different effects to the growth and development of organs. High-density is good for the accumulation of roots and leaves, low-density is conducive to the accumulation of stem and fruit. March and April is the crucial period for root increasing. The result of the accumulation of root for per plant is M1(450000 strain/ha), more than M3(375000 strain/ha) and more than M2(300000 strain/ha), but the result of the accumunation for units root is M1, greater than M2 and greater than M2.There was a close relationship between the stomatal function and the impact of the density treatment on the photosynthetic characters of Ranunculus ternatus Thunb. Non-stomatal factors affected net photosynthetic rate (Pn) changes in high-density conditions , Stomatal factors affected net photosynthetic rate (Pn) changes in low-density conditions. the net photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were significant dereased after the first slow increased with the increase of density, transpiration rate showed a high level of the trend, internal CO2 concentration significantly increased with the increase of density. Path coefficient analysis showed that the atmosphere relative humidity (Rhin) , CO2 concentration in field ,stomatal conductance (Gs) and leaf temperature (Tl)were main factors for the characteristics of photosynthesis and transpiration .The net photosynthetic rate and yield of Ranunculus ternatus Thunb. were negatively correlatedin in the fruit period .The difference of impacts in density treatment on the active contents was significant. By analysis of variance, the difference on total sugar and polysaccharide content was significant .the difference on flavone content was very significant,while protein content was not significant.The different of the root yields per plant in density treatment was not significant,but difference on the specific yield was significant (F=12.037,P=0.008).Planting treatment in high density could remarkably increase the yield per unit. Taking the two elements of specific yield and active ingredients into consideration, we could have a conclusion that M1(450000 strain/ha) was the best choice under field conditions.4.Difference of controlled growth on the root yields per plant was very significant,and the difference of the total sugar , polysaccharide and flavonoids content were very significant,while on the protein content is not significan(tF=8.223,P=0.061). Taking the two elements of both yield and active ingredient into consideration, had conclusion that removal of flower and fruit processing was the best production management.5.Under this experimental conditions, the yield Ranunculus ternatus Thunb.increased with the increase of fertilizer gradually. Compared with nitrogenous fertilizer and potash fertilizer , phosphate fertilizer had a greater impact on the output, the interaction effect of nitrogen and phosphorus, phosphorus and potassium to production were promotion. The maximum production was 787.334kg/ha when using urea fertilizer 326.1kg/ha, ordinary superphosphate fertilizer 666.6kg/ha ,and potassium sulfate fertilizer 454kg/ha.The regression relationship between fertilization and the content of the active ingredient was not clear. Nitrogen had the greatest impact on the total sugar and polysaccharide at the lower level, on the protein and flavonoids at the upper level. Phosphorin had the greatest impact on the sugar polysaccharide and flavonoids at the lower level, on the protein at the upper level. Potassium had the greatest impact on the total sugar and protein at the lower lever, on the polysaccharide and flavonoids at the upper level. The combination of nitrogen and phosphorin had a promoting effect on the component contents ,while the combination of nitrogen and potassium had an inhibiting effect. The combination of phosphorin and potassium had a promoting effect on the content of total sugar polysaccharide and protein, and had an inhibiting effect on the content of flavonoids.