Comprehensive Evaluation And Regionalization Researches Based On GIS On Drought Disaster In Inner Mongolia

Drought disaster is the most important natural disasters in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,and its impact area,frequency,duration and severity is the first of climatic disaster. Eco-environment in Inner Mongolia is fragile, agricultural production conditions are relatively poor, the production level is relatively low,the influence of environmental factors is great. with rapid development of society and the transformation of production methods, rapid population increase and rising demand for water cause the drought hazard is more serious. In this time,frequent occurrence of drought exacerbated the desertification of land in Inner Mongolia , Grassland degradation,lead to further deterioration of ecological environment;cause serious implications to economic and social sustainable development. Therefore, to generalized analyze the drought disaster system of Inner Mongolia, to explores and grasps its spatial distribution characteristics, to send the disaster function rule to conduct the countermeasure will achieve the drought in Inner Mongolia comprehensive evaluation of the scientific,systematic, quantitative basis and has great significance for our region's economic and social development.Based on theory of regional natural disaster system ,with the help from the viewpoints of integrated meteorological and climatology, natural geography, disaster science, and so on, based on the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technological, using environment essential factor foundation graphic document of Inner Mongolia, observed weather data from 1987 to 2006 of 118 station in Inner Mongolia, statistical annual social economy data in 2009 and the disaster data from 1978 to 2007 in Inner Mongolia, uses the statistical analytic method and the superimposition analytic method and so on, from 4 aspects that hazard-formative environment, reciprocity among hazard, hazard affected bodies, to establishes the drought subsystem evaluating indicator system, and to analyze the drought subsystem in Inner Mongolian,then analyze the drought system in Inner Mongolia, synthesizes the district again, the district appraisal.At last,the defense management countermeasures of drought disaster are proposed based on the assesment research results. Main conclusions are:1.Broad region and the complex diverse natural condition decided Inner Mongolia have both the middle latitude area multi-disaster's characteristic and the monsoon boundary zone unstable easy disaster environment. The sensitivity of hazard-formative environment in Inner Mongolia is increased gradually from northeast toward southwest. Regions of lower sensitivity are found in forest area of Da Xingan ling Mountain and the YinShan Mountain, and the warm cool semi-arid region, Hetao plain, Tumuote plain's sensitivity is small, Western area of Hulunbeier, middle of xilinguole pledge, Wulanchabu city have great sensitivity medium. Western wilderness prairie area of the Xilinguole pledge, the Bayannaoer typical prairie area and wilderness prairie area have higher sensitivity.Northern area of Erdos city, Alashan League has the highest sensitivity.2.The factor of drought disaster's rule is that precipitation changing rate in western drought area is big, and temperature is also high, the risk of disaster factor also to be high. With the precipitation absolute value increases, the month border and year border rate of change reduces, the risk of disaster factor is reduce gradually to Northeast direction. The spatial distribution of risk of drought disaster factor is influenced by the mountain, it is strengthen gradually approximately from the middle mountain to periphery. Eastern area of Da Xingan ling Mountain and the rolling area, the Yin Shan Mountain and the rolling area have smaller risk. Of which , middle area of Hulunbeier city have the smallest risk. The risk of disaster factor is increase from Da Xingan ling Mountain to the southeastern area and from Da Xingan Mountain and Yin Shan Mountain towards northwestern area .Western area of Xilinguole pledge, Erdos city and Bayannaoer city have high risk of drought disaster factor. The Western area of Alashan pledge has the highest risk.3.The area where have high vulnerability of hazard affected bodies in Inner Mongolia mainly distribute in the southeastern half agriculture half pastoral area, there ecological environment is frail, population density is big. The area of Da Xingan ling Mountain has high vulnerability. Northern area of Wulanchabu city, Tumote plain, Hetao plain also have higher vulnerability.Western area of Xilinguole pledge, large area of Erdos city, Western area of Bayannaoer city and Alashan pledge have small vulnerability. The few population cities that located in the northeast and the northwest have the smallest vulnerability. As a whole, the distribution of vulnerability of hazard affected bodies in Inner Mongolia is that western are bigger than the eastern, the southern area is bigger than the northern area, the farming and animal husbandry interlocks the belt and the fishery area is higher than other economic type area.4.The area where have high disaster of drought in Inner Mongolia area mainly distribute in the southeastern half agriculture half pastoral area and have accord with the distribution of population, crops loss and economic loss. Aohan banner, Zhalaite banner, Linxi County, Wengniute banner have the highest disaster in the entire district. The northern area of Chifeng city, southeastern area of Tongliao city,the large area of Xingan League have high disaster. The forest region and the pastoral area of Hulunbeier city, Xilingol pledge, Alashan pledge have the relatively small disaster. Wulanchabu city and Erdos city also have high disaster of drought.5.By analyzing the drought subsystem in Inner Mongolia to analyze the drought system in Inner Mongolia. It can be seen from the calculation that the quite coordination area in the Inner Mongolian drought system is occupies the entire district area's 20.8%.It located at the meadow prairie and the typical prairie area of Da Xingan ling Mountain, where the ecological environment condition is more superior, the risk of disaster factor is the smallest for the entire district, the vulnerability of hazard affected bodies is middle, the disaster is small. The coordination area occupies the entire district area's 20.4%.It mainly distributes in the western area of Xilinguole pledge, the western of Hulunbeier, where the ecological environment is relatively good, the risk of disaster factor is lower, the vulnerability of hazard affected bodies is low, the disaster is also smaller. The uncoordination area mainly distributes in western warm drought and the tepid extremely arid climatic region and desert and the landform of Inner Mongolia, where the vegetation degree of coverage is primarily low, the risk of disaster factor is high, the vulnerability of hazard affected bodies is lower, the disaster is smaller. This region occupies the 44.5% of entire district area, it is for the biggest type area. Very uncoordination area mainly distributes in southeastern area of Chifeng city, where the environment is frail, the risk of disaster factor is high, the vulnerability of hazard affected bodies is high, the disaster is serious. This area occupies 14.3%.the uncoordination and the very uncoordination area accounts for 58.8%.Obviously,coordinated relations between the Inner Mongolian drought system subsystem, uncoordination and very uncoordination area occupies the superiority status. Based on the generalized analysis of Inner Mongolia drought disaster system, according to coordinated relation standard division to distinct as 4 coordinated relational types and 45 second relational types, thus analyzes their characteristic to propose the defense management countermeasures of drought disaster.