| PREFACEThe lead is one of the poisonous heavy metals of the extensive contacts of mankind. Impaired of almost all the organs can result in exposing lead, and the ethanol is the main composition of the organic solvent and wine beverage, the ethanol can influence many systems. The lead and ethanol are extensive chemistry poisons which frequency of contact is high, exposing widely in crowd. In lead workers, particularly is in the youth worker, many are alcohol user. It was reported that 90% contact persons of lead get accustomed to drink wine. The ethanol can promote the lead inside the skeleton of release, make the condition of illness to severity. The incidence of lead poisoning is high of alcohol user. There is a importance theories and actual meaning in studying the joint effect of lead and ethanol.In recent years, the types of joint effect of lead and ethanol are different in different organs. Some showed antagonistic action , others showed synergistic action. There are many studies about joint effect of lead and ethanol, but it is seldom seen to the study of immune system. It is more seldom seen to a research of the whole animal particularly. Immune system is a important assurance for health, and perform normal function of physiology, biochemistry. Immune system is also a target constitution assaulted by chemical poison. In order to study the influence of immune system of male mice made by joint effect of lead and ethanol, we apply in vivo, in vitro experiments, and observe joint effect of cellular immunity, humoral immunity of mice, and search for the mechanism of its function. We also provide theory for protection of the health of contact person, and prevention and cure methods for it.MATERIALS AND METHODS1. Animals and treatmentAdult health Kunming strain mice, 22 +2g body weight, was used for this study. Animals were kept in room under controlled environmental conditions, fed a rodent chow and water ad libitum. Following a one - week acclimatization period, mice were divided at random into four test groups of ten. Negative control group, distilled water 0. 1ml/10g body weight, g. t. ; the simple lead treated group, 250mg/kg lead acetate administrated respectively; the simply ethanol treated groups, 3. 16g/kg ethanol administrated respectively; the joint effects group, 250mg/kg lead acetate plus 3. 16g/kg ethanol administrated respectively. Mice were administrated lead acetate and ethanol by route of oral gavage during four weeks, one time per day. Weight was recorded every three days throughout the experiment.2. Observation and determination2.1 Body weight and spleen and thymus index.2.2 Tlymphocytes function were determined by blastogenic response induced by the mitogen , concanavalin A (Con A) , of spleen lymphocytes. MTT spectrometry method was used.2.3 The cell examination of analysis were determined by hemolysis spec-trophotography method.2.4 Coagulation - tube experiment.2.5 The number of macrophages in peritoneal lavage was counted with a heacytometer.2. 6 Engulfment functions of peritoneal macrophage were determined by means of engulf neutral red spectrometry method according to Xue Bin.2.7 IstopathologyTissues selected for histopathological examination were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin , embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 3|xm, and routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Tissues selected for ultrastructure check were fixed in 2. 5% glutardialde-hyd solution, 700 A ultra - thin section, electron stained, observed by transmission electron microscope.3. Statistical analysisThe variances were analyzed by One - way ANOVA procedure to assess the significance of treatment effects. The results were regarded as significant as P < 0.05. Pairwise comparisons were made by q -test . The relationship between indexes were determined by correlation analyses.RESULTS1. Body weight, spleen weight, thymus weight and spleen coefficient, thy-mus coefficient.Body weights of narcotics group were significantly lower than the contr...
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