Detection Of Galectin-3, HBME-1, TPO And P14～(ARF) Expressions In The Differential Diagnosis Of Thyroid Neoplasm By Manual Tissue Chip

Objective: Thyroid neoplasm is one of common endocrine tumors. Traditional, the diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma is based on its pathohistology characteristic. It is generally known that thyroid papillary carcinoma pathological diagnostic criteria are nuclear clearing, grooves and nuclear inclusion. But malignancy has heterology, some thyroid papillary carcinoma have not above-mentioned characteristic, while some benign lesions with papillary hyperplasia also have clearing nuclear. In biopsy, freezing and fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples, it is difficult differentiate thyroid papillary carcinoma from benign lesions only depend on hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. And at present no specific molecule marker was found. So it is necessary to search specific molecule marker to improve diagnostic accurate rate and choose scientific treatment plan for clinical.In this research expression of Galectin-3, HBME-1, TPO and P14ARF were detected in thyroid adenomas, nodular goiters with papillary hyperplasia and thyroid papillary carcinomas. To evaluate whether Galectin-3, HBME-1, TPO and P14ARF immunohistochemical analysis can reliably differentiate benign thyroid lesions from papillary carcinomas and the panel can be useful to help classify thyroid lesions, to investigate the different expression influence on the carcinogenesis, development, infiltration and metastasis of thyroid papillary carcinoma.Methods:1 46 thyroid adenomas, 43 nodular goiters with papillary hyperplasia and 48 thyroid papillary carcinomas were collected.2 By manual tissue chip technique, this is done by using a needle to biopsy a standard histologic section and placing the core into an array on a recipient paraffin block, then fusing, slicing, gaining and baking.3 The expression of Galectin-3, HBME-1, TPO and P14ARF was examined by SP immunohisochemical stain (IHC) in thyroid carcinoma, thyroid adenoma and nodular goiter with papillary hyperplasia.4 Analysis the data use spss11.5, significance was set at p<0.05.Results:1 The result of tissue chip5 tissue chips (6×5) were made. Dots of tissue chip lined up in order, uniformed in size and no shifting.7 tissue dots were absence. The significant tissue structures were watched in the other dots. The rate of complete tissue dots was 83.3%~93.3%.The haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was uniformity and no dropping, moving and wrinkling.The immunohistochemical results show that the positive location was accurate and the background was clear.2 The result of immunohistochemistry2.1 Expression of Galectin-3 in various lesions of thyroidImmunohistochemical staining for Galectin-3 was performed on 45 thyroid adenomas, 40 nodular goiters with papillary hyperplasia and 45 thyroid papillary carcinomas. 11.1% (5/45) of thyroid adenoma and 7.5% (3/40) of nodular goiters with papillary hyperplasia was positive. On the other hand, 95.6% (43/45) of thyroid papillary carcinoma was positive. The differences between thyroid papillary carcinomas and thyroid adenoma and between thyroid papillary carcinomas and nodular goiters with papillary hyperplasia were both statistically significant(P<0.05). Galectin-3 examination in thyroid lesions had a sensitivity of 95.6%, specificity of 90.1%, and overall accurary of 92.3%.2.2 Expression of HBME-1 in various lesions of thyroidSamples of 45 thyroid adenomas, 40 nodular goiters with papillary hyperplasia and 45 thyroid papillary carcinomas were stained immunohistochemically with HBME-1. 95.3% (81/85) of thyroid benign lesion was negative, but 80.0% of papillary carcinomas were strong positive. We found statistically significant difference between thyroid benign lesion and papillary carcinomas (P<0.05). HBME-1 examination in thyroid lesions had a sensitivity of 80.0%, specificity of 95.3%, and overall accurary of 90.0%.2.3 Expression of TPO in various lesions of thyroid130 thyroid lesions were examined by immunohisto- chemistry with TPO including 45 thyroid adenomas, 40 nodular goiters with papillary hyperplasia and 45 thyroid papillary carcinomas. 15.6% (7/45) of papillary carcinomas expressed TPO as well as 88.9% (40/45) of thyroid adenomas and 100% (40/40) of nodular goiters with papillary hyperplasia. We found statistically significant difference between thyroid benign lesion and papillary carcinomas (P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and overall accurary of TPO were 84.4%, 94.1%, 90.8%, respectively.2.4 Expression of P14ARF in various lesions of thyroidSamples of 45 thyroid adenomas, 40 nodular goiters with papillary hyperplasia and 45 thyroid papillary carcinomas were stained immunohistochemically with P14ARF. P14ARF staining was noted in 75.6% (34/45) of thyroid adenomas, 77.5% (31/40) of nodular goiters with papillary hyperplasia and 28.9% (13/45) of papillary carcinomas. We found statistically significant differences between thyroid benign lesion and papillary carcinomas (P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy of P14ARF were 71.1%, 76.5%, 74.6%, respectively.3 The corelationship of Galectin-3,HBME-1,TPO and P14ARF in thyroid papillary carcinomas.There was no significant correlation of Galectin-3,HBME-1,TPO and P14ARF in thyroid papillary carcinomas. 4 The relationship between the expression of Galectin-3,HBME-1,TPO and P14ARF and clinical pathological features of thyroid papillary carcinomaNo significant relationship were found between the expression of Galectin-3,HBME-1,TPO and P14ARF and clinical pathological features, such as ages, sex, tumor size, local infiltration, metastasis.Conclusions:1 The sensitity of Galectin-3 examination in thyroid lesions was higher than the other markers, so Galectin-3 was the most sensitive for the distinction between thyroid benign lesion and papillary carcinomas.2 In terms of specificity, HBME-1 was the most specific marker for the differential diagnosis of thyroid carcinoma.3 In terms of overall accurary, Galectin-3 was the most accurare for the distinction between thyroid benign lesion and papillary carcinomas.4 The combination of Galectin-3 and TPO increased the specificity and overall accurary up to 98.8% and 93.1%. A two-marker antibody panel with Galectin-3 and TPO was the most efficient for the distinction between benign and malignant thyroid lesion. The panel can be useful to help classify thyroid lesions.5 A three-marker antibody panel with Galectin-3,HBME-1 and TPO was the best and decreased sensitity and overall accurary by 66.7% and 88.5%, although the specificity was 100%. So the panel three markers may not be helpful in the differential diagnosis between benign lesions and papillary carcinomas.6 There was probably no significant correlation of Galectin-3,HBME-1,TPO and P14ARF in the carcinogenesis and development thyroid papillary carcinomas.7 No significant relationship were found between the expression of Galectin-3,HBME-1,TPO and P14ARF and clinical pathological features, such as ages, sex, tumor size, focal infiltration, metastasis.8 Mannual tissue chip technique is simple, cost-effective, and reliable. This technique can provide a highly efficient, high-throughput mechanism for some research.