| Objective To understand the relationship between leptin and simple obesity of school-aged children in Xinjiang region and if leptin level is influenced by ethnicity, gender, BMI and insulin levels. Methods Took the method of cluster sample in a few primary school in the area around Urumqi, and excluded other diseases related to obesity and obesity syndrome, taken 291 children which age is 6 to 13, and measured height, weight, calculated BMI used the formula of weight (kg) / height 2 (m2), and measured leptin and insulin concentrations by the way of RIA. Results (1) Leptin mean of Obesity / overweight group was higher than that of non-obese group,(P = 0.000); Insulin mean of obesity / overweight group was higher than that of non-obese group (P = 0.009). (2)Compared between the different gender, leptin mean of girls was higher than boys'in Obesity / overweight group (P = 0.048); Leptin mean of girls was higher than boys'in non-obese group (P = 0.007).(3)There were differences Compared Leptin mean among the three ethnics, in Obesity / overweight group,leptin mean of Han race was higher than that of Kazakh race (P= 0.000) and Hui race(P = 0.01), the difference of Kazakh and Hui ethnic was not statistically significance (P = 0.115); in non-obese group, leptin mean of Han race was higher than that of Kazakh race and Hui race (P = 0.000), the leptin mean of hui race is higher than that of Kazakh (P = 0.01). (4) related analysis and multiple linear regression analysis showed that: BMI was positively correlated with leptin and insulin (rlp = 0.439, P = 0.000; r in = 0.158, P = 0.000), Leptin levels was positively correlated with gender, ethnic, BMI and insulin level. Conclusions Leptin levels in obese children was higher than normal children, there had leptin resistance in obese children; Leptin level was influenced by gender, body fat content and insulin level.
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