Calcium Dyshomeostasis, Mitochondrial Injuries And Intervention Of Ganoderma Lucidum Spores In Kidneys Of T2DM Rats

Objective We selected the 3-4-month-old male Wistar rats as research samples to observe the changes of [Ca2+]i (intracellular calcium ion ), mitochondrial Ca2+, Cytc(Cytochrome C) , SDH (succinate dehydrogenase ), MPO(Myeloperoxidase) ,XOD( xanthine oxidase), SOD (superoxide dismutase ), GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase) and MDA ( malondialdehyde), the expressions of Bcl-2( B cell lymmpoma/leukemia-2 ),Bax (Bcl-2 associated protein X) and apoptosis in the kidneys of T2DM rats,to explore the influence of Ganoderma lucidum spores on the above mentioned indexes and the protective effect and mechanism of Ganoderma lucidum spores on renal injuries of diabetic rats. Methods 50 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups ,the normal control group(NC,12rats) and the model group(38rats). The rats were absolute diet for 16~18 hours ,but drank water freely, the NC group were injected with half-and-half sodium citrate/citrate buffer solution through peritoneum,the the model group with 2%STZ (25mg/kg) one time . Two weeks after normal diet , fasting blood glucose were measured, and the rats with high level of blood glucose from the model group were randomly divided into two groups,the diabetes mellitus (DM, 14rats) group received high-fat and high-carbohydrate food ,the ganoderma lucidum spore(GL,13rats) group were given Ganoderma lucium spores(250mg/kg.d) in addition, both for 10 weeks(all rats fed alone). Kidneys of rats were taken out quickly under the condition of low temperature.Relevent indexes were measured. Results The T2DM model was successfully constructed, the number of apoptotic cells in DM group was significantly higer than that in NC group and GL group(p<0.05) . In DM group ,the expression of Bax was significantly higer, while the expression of Bcl-2 was signicantly lower than those in NC group and GL group(p<0.05). The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax In DM group was signicantly lower than that in NC group and GL group(p<0.05).In DM group ,the levels of mitochondrial Cytc and mitochondrial Ca2+ , mitochondrial SDH, SOD, and GSH-PX were signicantly lower(P<0.05), while the levels of plasam Cytc and [Ca2+]i, intracellular MDA,MPO and XOD were significantly higer (P>0.05) than those in NC group and GL group. Conclusion Renal apoptosis rate increased in T2DM rats, mitochondrial pathway may participate in the regulation of apoptosis.Ganoderma lucidum spores can stabilize the storage of mitochondria Ca2+, change the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2,inhibit the apoptosis induced by Cytc,strengthen the capability of antioxydation , reduce the production of free radicals,relieve the injuries from free radicals through lessening the calcium overload, so Ganoderma lucidum spores can protect the kidneys of diabetic rats . As an assistant drug for treatment of diabetic nephropathy , Ganoderma lucidum spores must have a very broad prospects in the clinical application .