A Research On Monosyllabic Antonyms In Hanfei Zi(韩非子)

The"Hanfei zi"is the book of Hanfei during the late warring period,which is an importa- nt document for Qin Dynasty.There are about one hundred and eight thousand words in the book that is fifty-five.In the book,where describes the rule of law in theory that legalism would like to establish a centralized feudal state systematically.And it is the greatest book that is about law.In the book, where does a brilliant analysis with many facts and fables, and there is a very important value for popular language, strong narrative content. In addition, there is a very important dialectical thinking and there are many antonyms in the book.on this basis, we consider the monosyllabic antonyms as the object of this study.The thesis is divided into three parts: preface, body and conclusion.The first part is a preface.First of all, we summarize the results of language of research of"Hanfei Zi"and current research on antonyms during Pre-Qin.Then, we describe the version of this thesis and some issues of antonyms compiled. Finally, we introduce the method and the value of this thesis.The second part is the main section of this thesis.On the basis of the discussion that is about the criteria in the study of antonyms,we propose the definition of antonyms that are established on the basis of identity, opposite meaning ,used in the context frequently and the same part of speech.In addition,we set five standards that are the analysis method of sememe, tradition for wen, company wen, negative recognition, combination within context and external context of the antonyms in the"Hanfei Zi".According to the definition of antonyms and the methods of judging the antonyms in the"Hanfei Zi",we add up 275 antonyms.According to different parts of speech,there are five categories that are verb,adjective, noun,pronoun and adverb.And the verb holds the largest proportion,about 37%.According to the different display formats,there are four categories that are the tradition Wen, the company Wen, negative word tags, some special formats.And the tradition Wen holds the largest propo- rtion,because the opposition of antonyms makes them have a symmetrical relationship in the sentences.Antonymy is the hub of antisense polymerization, different words are corresponde- ce for antonymy,and form different polymers. We find there are five correspondences: bilateral one-way opposition, bilateral number of opposition, multilateral single opposition, and multilateral number of opposition and several of the synthesis.And the several of the synthesis holds the largest proposion,which shows that many antonyms have not formed a fixed correspondence,and there is still a great flexibility.The third part is the conclusion. In this section, we summarize four characteristics of the monosyllabic antonyms in the"Hanfei Zi": the existence of monosyllabic antonyms is unbalanced, the distribution table of contents is unbanlanced, the appearance of context is unbalanced, and the frequency is different. Finally, we mention the inadequacy of this thesis,where is lack of level of duration.