South Korea's Protectionism Under Military Regime

It is generally thought that Korea's economic took-off in South Korea after the establishment of the military regime began. From 1962 to 1993, the South Korean military regime in the "export-oriented development strategy", under the guidance it adopted protectionist policies comply with South Korea's national conditions, so as to promote South Korea's rapid economic growth, to South Korea's total economic output largest in the world in 1993, South Korea created a world-renowned "Han River Miracle.", rise from a backward agricultural country to the level of a technologically advanced industrial countries.The rise of protectionism Korean forces government era with its own profound historical background. Historically, modern Western Europe since the United States and Japan through the promotion of economic protectionism and the rise of the successful practice of Hamilton, Liszt and others Protectionism theory, the Korean army provided a history of government protectionism reference and theoretical nutrition. South Korea military power was established and government-led economic system, the formation of the implementation of protectionism in Korea to provide the political premise and an institutional guarantee. During the early post-war South Korea's economic backwardness, weak industrial base, let Korea to participate in the international competition must protectionism. In addition, during the Cold War South Korea's strategic position and unique to South Korea's support for the United States, protectionism in Korea provides a favorable international environment.Before the establishment of South Korea, against the military government of "import substitution based development strategy," protectionist policies implemented under the guidance of the drawbacks, after the military government established "export-oriented development strategy" under the direction of drastic adjustment and strengthening of protectionism, South Korea adopted a series of conditions consistent with the protectionist policy measures: First, support and expansion of exports; Second, import restrictions and consumer restrictions; third is to use foreign capital and the "investment protection"; fourth is the focus of big business support policy, which strong impetus to the Korean economy to take off. South Korea's military regime, on restructuring and strengthening the protectionist policies, formatted a set of characteristics with the South Korean system of protectionist policies. And the military government's protectionist with much more distinctive features than the establishment of the ROK military regime of protectionism practiced before: First, protectionism and a "welfare state" unity of purpose; Second, the timeliness of protectionism; third is in the protection of domestic industry in the process of opening up international markets. As the South Korean military regime established in South Korea has the lofty ideal of a welfare society, practicing the idea of experts in the country, always put national interests first, in the implementation of protectionist policies, using various methods to safeguard social equity, efficiency and fairness contradictions of the special to find the best balance.South Korea's military regime protectionist policies have great effect on its social and economic development in many aspects .On the one hand, South Korea's protectionist for the promotion of Korea's industrial structure upgrade, support large enterprise groups foster and enhance South Korea's industrial competitiveness and achieve the historic Korean economy took off, made a great contribution to history. As Korea's growing economic strength, significantly improved the livelihood of South Korea, and achieved a coordinated development of economy and society; the other hand, the government has long been pursuing protectionist because of the Korean army and government-led economic development model led to South Korean companies to the Government strong dependence, resulting in political power and economic sectors, especially the excessive Chambal have developed a close special relationship, but the combination of power and capital, created a Korean typical "black gold politics." Should be said that South Korea's military government era rife with corruption, labor rights and labor movements have been a degree of repression and the increasing financial risks, these are the times the military government to bring South Korea the negative impact of protectionism.