Development Of Funture Orientation Questionnaire Of Adolescents

Future orientation refers to the orientation that individual's thinking and behavior prefers to, meanwhile, it is also a process that individual thinks and plans about the future. It reflects the important features that human thought and behavior point to future. For the future orientation individuals, the future is not disembodied, they always like to plan for future. These characteristics will have an impact on thinking, emotional and cognitive. It also decides personal career, and even decide the personal success and failure.Adolescence is a critical period that thinks about the future and prepare to adulthood. As a transition period for adulthood, Adolescence is the important time that think of the future and establish values. It is also a period that the future orientation grow rapidly and become divided. So, it is very important that understand the development of future orientation about adolescents. In this study, teenagers are our research object. Our purpose is to develop the future orientation questionnaire of adolescents that adapt to Chinese culture background. We also investigate the general characteristics of Chinese teenagers' future orientation.Through the literature review, open questionnaire survey and expert consultation, We find that the psychological structure of Future orientation include three dimensions and six factors, namely future cognition(extensive and destiny),future emotion(optimism and anxious) and future will action(planning and enforceability). On the basis of open questionnaire survey results and relevant experts, we construct the primitive future orientation questionnaire. We acquire the consistent dimensions through factor analysis. We also verify the structure of Adolescents'future orientation. We develop the formal questionnaire and verify its reliability and validity. The results showed that the scale has good reliability and validity. We use the formal questionnaire to investigate 1004 chinese adolescents to find some characters of them and we also test the structure of teenagers' structure of future orientation by Structural Equation Model. The main results of the study are as follows:(1) The future orientation of adolescents are multi-dimensional model. The psychological structure of Future orientation include three dimensions and six factors, namely future cognition(extensive and destiny),future emotion(optimism and anxious) and future will action(planning and enforceability).(2) The questionnaire of future orientation of adolescents has been proved to be of good reliability and validity and can be used as an effective tool to measure the adolescents'future orientation.(3) In general, China youth future orientation degree is higher, Average is 3.431. All dimensions of the future orientation'order is future cognitive< future emotional< future will.(4) By gender, there are no gender differences whether in total or in all dimensions.(5) By grade, there are significant differences on the grade. The significant'freshman phenomenon' and'senior phenomenon' are found. The optimism of junior high school is highest than others. But anxious is lowest. The extensive of senior students'future orientation is farthest.(6) Judging from the professional, there are significant professional differences, especially in extensive dimension and destiny dimension. Liberal students'destiny and extensive of future is significantly higher than science students.