The Research Of Shanghai Four Clean Campaign (1963-1966)

Four Clear Campaign, also known as urban and rural socialist education movement, occurred in the 1963-1966 years.The purpose is to "combat and prevent revisionism", emphasizing the importance of class struggle. It's origin is bad behavior on grass-roots cadres in the time of Great Leap Forward. Under the consensus of the main leaders of the Communist Party of China, Four Clean Campaign took place. It tried to solve the problem of speculation, corruption, theft, corruption and degeneration, to improve the tense relationship between cadres and the masses, and to prevent revisionism and peaceful evolution. However, due to the class struggle of the "left" theory dominated the situation and estimation errors of the situation at that time, it resulted in the expansion of this campaign of attack, and the foreshadowing of the last occurrence of the Cultural Revolution in theory and practice.Four Clear Campaign movement is an indispensable and important historical period in the history. Shanghai is one of the important national pilot cities in the four clear Campaign. So it's of great significance to sort out the development of Shanghai four clear movement for researching four clean campaigns in other cities and party building of Contemporary History in Shanghai. This paper bases on the Shanghai Municipal Archives of the original materials. It combs out the 1963-1966 four-movement of Shanghai, respectively to descrip Shanghai four clear movement background, history, operation and the content of implementation, characteristics and historical role. Through the four parts, this paper makes a more systematic investigation.Looking from the background, Shanghai four clear movement happened after the three years of difficult times,when prominent problem of cadres, the masses of difficulties in life, tensions between cadres and masses, and foreign revisionism, peaceful evolution broke out. It is also the gathering the various contradictions of the total outbreaks of the Chinese society and the Chinese Communist Party.From the view of process, Shanghai Four Clear Campaign has experienced two stages of "small four- Clean Campaign ", "big four-Clean Campaign ". In this paper, it arranges the time order of the movement, the enterprises of Shanghai as a case to analyze how the Shanghai four clear campaign went on. Looking from the operation and the content of implementation, Shanghai Four clear movement arranged the formation of the task force, training and sub-groups, as well as policy advocacy and the election of four clear representatives. Its main contents are clearing economic, clearing politics, clearing organization and clearing thinking. In this paper, it analyzes a large number of the original file charts in detail.Judging from the features, the Shanghai four clear sport is more fully mobilizing the masses, encouraging bold suspicion and expose;more fully using the external forces to rectify the party and grassroots cadres problems, and digging deeper bourgeois roots to consolidate party members and cadres. And it plays a positive role in the following: solving series of serious "not four clear" problems of the cadres contingent, and puring the contingent of cadres; strengthening economic management, and enhancing the confidence of the masses to the party; promoting the development of the production. But it also brought out a negative role: expanding the attack, many cadres suffered undue combat and injury; task force "acted on their behalf," and grass-roots organizations was a "basket case" in the period of time; mass incitement ignored democracy and rule of law, and political mobilization approach was questionable as well; the contradiction of cadres and masses has'nt been eliminated but deepened; dampened the enthusiasm of cadres and the masses, resulting in unnecessary psychological shadow; the formation of social atmosphere turned to be a "righteous fall, evil up".Through the study and analysis of the above aspects, we can clearly see the context and the fuctions of four clear compaign. It lets us know how the Chinese Communist Party was fighting against corruption and depravation. And also let us see the power of mass movements and its negative impacts as a warning. It warns us of large-scale mass movement.