The Rearch Of Educational Fund For Westernization Colleges Education In The Latter Qing Dynasty (1862s-1901s)

Westernization colleges education as one of the ideas of education, educational theory or doctrine came into being in latter Qing Dynasty which was a product of a certain economy, social development and also was the product of a particular era. Its'emergency met the internal need of westernization movement and at the same time it also promoted the development of westernization movement. It stood a very important position in Chinese educational history. This thesis comprehensively discusses the educational fund allocation problem of westernization colleges according to the respective of educational fund. And I give an objective evaluation on the educational fund allocation, from which it can show the impact of the Chinese social modernization education through the westernization colleges education.The first question in initating the Westernization colleges is to collect the funds. In this process there are lots of practical difficulties. Firstly, The burst characteristics and particularity in the westernization colleges makes the fixed items of rationing in the feudal education funding system could not be used in the new school. Secondly, The latter Qing dynasty finance situation in the state treasury has worsened, and the government hasn't taken into consideration to initiate the Westernization colleges and further intensified the difficulty in raising the funds. Facing the current difficult political situation, the task in raising the funds of Westernization colleges has fallen in the imperial inspector and the central various Functional departments, so they have opened the prologue for the new style education's investment. Investigating its reason, on the one hand the state power started to release, and the foreign affairs minister started to own the financial revenue and expenditure authority, which has provided the political safeguard for the school funds appropriation. On the other hand, the stable growth's customs revenue is the national funds at that time, the power of the management did not belong to household, but the Zongli yamen, foreign affairs minister actually acted as the policy-maker and the performer in allocating the funds, and this convenience caused the customs revenue to become the main funds in initiating the Westernization colleges. Whether the Westernization colleges could have a healthy, standard, stable development or not, to a great extent, it was decided by the using efficiency of the educational expenditure. Westernization colleges had been launched nearly 40 years, funds distribution system had improved along with each system's development. The allocating funds had included many aspects in the administers , teachers , students , the education construction , in the first three aspects ,the funds mainly had been used in the administratives, the teacher, student's salary, the life treatment, going abroad to study and rewarding. In the last aspect the funds mainly had been used in the colleges construction and the daily work essential item. In the process of initiating the colleges, the funds distribution system could make the adjustment according to the colleges'special details, so this guaranteed the entire school to carry on smoothly. From the concrete investment in each aspect of the education system could conclude that change of along with the current political situation, along with the political change the thought in the Qing dynasty's government official had also changed, and paid more attention to the education.The funds disposition in initiating the Westernization colleges had its rationality under at that time and safeguarded the school to develop smoothly, and realized the goal of educating the talented person. At the same time it had provided the useful experiences which allocated the educational expenditure disposition for our country in modern times. When we praised the good aspects in initiating the Westernization colleges, and we should also realize its shortcoming: it was a new product , as far as educational funds'allocation is concerned, because of its nonstandard principle, the non-unification law caused the bad effect in raising the funds and the allocating the funds inputting the insufficient funds, existing the ill systems and ill management , which in the certain extent has delayed the modernizing education advancement.