On The Transition Of Practical Philosophy Of Gadamer's Hermeneutics

Hans-Georg Gadamer is one of the most influential western philosophers in the 20th century, and his largest contribution to contemporary philosophy is the establishment of philosophy hermeneutics, which has realized the gradual transition to the practical philosophy after 1960's. The practical philosophy research applied hermeneutics in social realistic question ponder and realized "the universality of hermeneutics", which has carried on the thorough ponder on construction of human ideal life condition based upon practical instruction. The practical philosophy is the theory destination and the foothold of Gadamer's whole philosophic thinking theory, so that the study on the transition of practical philosophy has important academic theory value and the practical significance.The thesis contains four parts:The First chapter explained the thought origin of Gadamer's practical philosophy transition. This part emphasizes that the transition from Gadamer's hermeneutics to practical philosophy, not only be influenced by the traditional western practical philosophy, but also had direct relation with debate of Gadamer and Habermas, which enabled this philosopher full of social sense of responsibility to have new ponder on his own theory thought and start to think social crisis, that accelerated change in direction of hermeneutics to the practical philosophy.The second chapter elaborates the elementary theory on the transition of Gadamer's practical philosophy. Gadamer constructed the understanding ontology through the study of hermeneutics, and the understanding ontology believed that understanding and explanation are basic forms of communication that exist between human and the nature, the human and society, which are the most primitive and the most basic life experience, and people live, contact and think with understanding of each other. The in-depth goal of understanding ontology is to expound and to understand all science basic problems including the natural sciences, all truth are the understanding truth. The truth not necessarily means trueness, pellucidity and inevitability, by which Gadamer guards the trueness of philosophy, and served for his practical philosophy research, simultaneously, he also realized the fundamental purpose of "making the hermeneutics as practical philosophy" through the understanding ontology, which had provided the theory basis for the unification of hermeneutics and the practical philosophy.The third chapter elaborated the thought connotation of Gadamer's practical philosophy. The practical philosophy of Gadamer is the knowledge which may indicate the motion direction for people, and the knowledge about how to act like a human and the choose of " good", as an introspect activity aiming at "good" and a kind of rational wisdom. The Gadamer's Phronesis redefined the significant theory viewpoint "practice is the foundation and condition of a society rationality" and its significance. He advocated of a unification of scientific theory and the phronesis, and take practical rationality as the wisdom to ponder the human activities. Gadamer also elaborated the importance and the necessity to establish the future plan of human as a whole, and pointed out that a world which leads to the ideal life in the future would be a "well-managed world". He also attempted to seek a new interpersonal relationship and the self-relations to liberate human from the technologizing social disassimilation and the lonely condition. In view of the ecology crisis caused by technical rationalization, Gadamer also proposed the speculation of establishing non-technical ruled balanced relations between the human and the nature.The fourth chapter elaborated The Significance and enlightenment on the transition of Gadamer's practical philosophy. Unlike the practical philosophy of Aristotle and Kant, Gadamer's practical philosophy is a new form, and its characteristic lies in much attention paid to human practice, and the unification of the practical philosophy and the hermeneutics with both inheritance and creativity. From the perspective of calling for human to get rid of the technical rationality, Gadamer's practical philosophy also has the significance of enlightenment, meanwhile, the scientism and humanism has realized the exchange and the fusion under the premise of its subsistence in practical philosophy of Gadamer.