| Being regarded as "the crown of seven anthologies" ,Shang Shu is an anthology with high referential value in ancient time,According to the era,it is divided into Yu Shu,Xia Shu,Shang Shu,Zhou Shu,which mainly record the talks between the kings and their people,reflecting the linguistic characters at that time from many perspectives,deserving an overall study,Shang Shu is a source file keeping in ancient China,with difficult language and complicated and varied sentences,This thesis systematically discusses the representative special syntax and relevant words system in Shang Shu,involving grammar,rhetoric,etc. It also discloses the syntax rules in Shang Shu by example,listing,comparison,statistics,analysis and induction.This paper includes three parts:The first chapter studies the special sentence formula of Jin Wen Shang Shu .This part studies the four special sentence formulas of Jin Wen Shang Shu.First ,the sentence of object pre-placing.The sentence of object pre-placing of Jin Wen Shang Shu has the followingpatterns:The object pre-placing of preposition-object structureBesides the regular "pronoun object + preposition" ,Jin Wen Shang Shu has "unpronoun object + preposition" pattern which is rarely seen in literature language. Jin Wen Shang Shu regards un-pre-placing as regular.The pronoun object pre-placing of negative sentenceThis is the regular sentence pattern of ancient Chinese from jackstrawphraseology.The regular pattern of pronoun object pre-placing of negative sentence in JinWen Shang Shu :negative word +pronoun object+ verbal predicate.There is another rare pattern whose structure is pronoun object + negative word+verbal predicate.The object pre-placing in narrating sentenceIt can be classified into pronoun object pre-placing and un-pronoun object pre-placing. The pattern that often uses "wei" to emphasize the singleness of action and behavior was rather regular in jackstraw phraseology but gradually disappeared after the Spring and Autumn period. The pre-placing of object is regular and there is also un-pre-placing in the verbal object structure with "wei" . The object pre-placing in narrative sentence usually uses "shi" and "zhi" to re-point the pre-placing object.The pronoun object pre-placing in question sentenceJackstraw language has no questioning pronoun object pre-placing. Such sentence pattern is regular in Jin Wen Shang Shu but later develops into a common law in ancient Chinese grammar.Can be as adverbial modifier and has accusatival meaning and it must be pre-placed.Double object sentenceThe double object sentence in Jin Wen Shang Shu can be classified into "subject + verbal predicate + indirect object + direct object" pattern,"subject + verbal predicate + direct object + indirect object" pattern,"subject + direct object + verbal predicate + indirect object" pattern and "indirect object + verbal predicate + direct object" pattern. Jin Wen Shang Shu employs different patterns to stress different semantic emphasis.Passive sentenceThe passive sentences in Jin Wen Shang Shu are form passive and semantic passive sentence. Form passive sentence is labeled by "vu" and the label "jian" isn' t occur. Form passive sentence in Jin Wen Shang Shu has only one example in Shang shu and all the others are in Zhou Shu. Most of semantic passive sentences in Jin Wen Shang Shu are narrating particle stating about the condition of its subject.Verdicting sentenceThe predicate in verdicting sentence in Jin Wen Shang Shu has definitiveness and it is constricted to noun,pronoun or nounal phrase. It can be grouped into two kinds:copulative one and un-copulative one. Copulative has "wei" ,"shi" and "shi" is used in verdicting sentence. Jin Wen Shang Shu has only one example.Chapter 2 Investigation about conjunction words and expressions in Jin Wen Shang ShuConjunction words and expressions in Jin Wen Shang Shu can be grouped into seven kinds according to the relationship of the cent sentence in the compound sentence:parallel,cont... |
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