From Dichotomy To Integration

The thesis attempts to explicate and clarify the connotations of the most typical psychotherapies (psychoanalysis, behavioral psychotherapy and humanistic psychotherapy) and psychotherapy integration, and assesses their right-wrong. Then it establishes the integrated viewpoint of psychology corresponding to man' s integrated nature on the basis of the clarification and assessment mentioned above, and poses a more reasonable and perfect answer to the various differences and contradictions.Psychoanalysis holds that mental diseases are caused by the instinctive desire, which is repressed into the unconscious level. This therapy reveals man' s biology-side, and emphasizes man' s continuance to animal. It unitarily highlights the crucial function' s biological instinct; so as to regard man as animal totally determined by the biological instinct, then to construct "animal-characteristic" and "morbid" image of man.Behavioral psychotherapy argues that it' s the environment and wrong study that cause the mental diseases. It shows man' s passiveness, which surely is part of man' s essence. Nontheness, it overemphasizes the crucial effects of environment and enforcement on man' s thought and behavior, only to regard man as a non-initiative and simplified machine reacting to the stimulus.Humanistic psychotherapy holds that when someone' s tendency of full self-development is inhibited, he or she may suffer the mental diseases. It attaches importance to man' s value and dignity and reveals man' s unique characteristics and initiative characteristics. It believes that the tendency of self-actualization is man' s instinct, and the pursuit of value and the motive belong to the category of man' s biological factors. The image of man constructed by this therapy is incomplete.In order to g,et out of the theoretic and practical crises, psychotherapy integration appears. In its early phase, psychotherapy integration is concerned with the translation of concepts and methods from some psychological or psychotherapeutic systems into the language and procedures of another. Decades later, many mature and elaborate theories and methods appear. Until now three major modes have come to being; they are: common factors mode, theories integratiDn mode and eclecticism mode.The early psychotherapies study man from the dichotomous viewpoint, i. e. the "thing" research method, only to separate man' s integrated essence and to construct the fragmentary images of man. The following psychotherapy integration fulfils little exploration of man' s nature, so it can' t establish the integrated viewpoint and construct the integrative image of man.Only by grasping man' s nature from dialectical materialistic and practical point of view, will psychology establish an integrated viewpoint of human nature corresponding to man' s unique characteristics. The integrated image of man may be constructed and may push the psychotherapeutic theories and practice to the brilliant future.