The Painful Evolution

' Each identification and status in society has a set of expectedaction standard, obligation and privilege, which is influenced by somesocial culture background and at the same time as the concrete contentsof the social rules, fixed the action limits for people with given status'------ that is what we call social part. As we know, social status isdisplayed by social part. The part is the external and dynamicmanifestation of status, and the status is the internal basis of part. Thispassage aims to investigate the new intellectuals in modern times,meanwhile to master the main role they played in the development ofsociety and so according to the situation, the values, and social practiceto get a integrated conclusion. The Part the Chinese Intellectuals Played in the TraditionalSociety First, they were the foundation of the feudal bureaucrat system andthe social basis of feudal officials. These intellectuals were closelyconnected with the bureaucrat by the imperial examination system usedas a main way of choosing officials at that time. Second, they were the followers and guards of the values ofConfucianism. Confucianism, which came into being in the ancientChina, and had its root for about 2000 years, had become a perfectinstitution embodying the profit, wishes and ideas of the literati. So infact these intellectuals maintained the sovereignty of the Confucianismsocial order and culture rather than that of the emperor and his family. Third, they were the regulators of the social stability. Traditionalscholars performed all kinds of public affairs which made them becomean important tie between the federal government and local authorities,and consequently become the important factor of social stability. The Influence on Traditional Chinese Intellectuals by theChange of Social Structure Great changes in social structure took place at the end of 19th 78century and the beginning of 20th century, and this naturally led to thechange of the structure of the intellectuals, and their social parts alsobecame different. 1.Conclusion caused by the investigation of economic factor:although the new economic factor began, the traditional agriculturaleconomic still dominant in society, which made the intellectuals feelcontradictory: they were eager for the new and meanwhile reluctant togive up the traditional ideas: the collapse of the emperor economicsmade the honor and rank a deal, and that caused the division of gentry;the depression of the individual economic situation of intellectuals andthe economic gap of their internal groups also accelerated this divisionprocess. 2.Conclusion according to the political factor: the struggle forpower in 1860s to 1990s resulted in the increasing of gentry status andaroused the awareness of their sense of participating in politics.Constitutional Reform and Modernization became the first politicalpractice of the intellectuals; some new intellectuals that were differentfrom the traditional ones developed as a result of the reform of socialpolitical system which change from the old style to the moderndemocratic one: warlord made the intellectuals field get more and moredepressed and tend to become radical. 3.The change in the values and thoughts of the modernintellectuals:the distillation from the idea of ' Loyal only to the emperor' to thepatriotism; the change from self-focus and despising foreigners tomodern national idea; and the transform from emphasizing family andtraditional law to freedom and individualism; the breakthrough ofinterests and profit and mercantilism; the change of 'Learning hard andBecoming officials' and 'self-satisfaction'. 4.The abolishment of the imperial examination system affectedevery aspect of Chinese society. It's a necessary stop with thedevelopment of history. It cut off the link between the Confucianism and...