The Smuggling Trade Between Song Dynasty And Liao Xia Jin Dynasty

Smuggling trade is relative to legal trade,which is such a trade that carries out betweentwo countries which respectively break the rule of their own .Trading goods are normally theprohibitive goods that both sides stipulate. At ancient times,smuggling trade has always beenexisting in the economical exchange aspect between two countries .The smuggling trade ofancient Chinese could be divided into two kinds of situations: one hand,it happened betweenthe universal dynasties and the oversea countries ( Japan, North Korea and so on) ,the otherhand ,during disunited periods,among each political power within the boundaries of China,smuggling trade always occurred. This article from different angles attempts to analyzesmuggling trade situation between Song and Liao, Song and Xia, Song and Jin. Meanwhile,I also discuss the reason that smuggling trade produced at that time and the effect to eachpolitical power .At the same time, each political power had attacked smuggling trade at the varyingdegree. With the situation changing, the means and dynamics had changed. Between Songand Liao, Song and Xia, Song and Jin,smuggling trade respectively has its characteristic:Smuggling trade had always been existing between Song and Liao, and could be dividedinto two stages by the treaty the Chanyuan,. In the first stage, because the establishment ofmonopolization was unstable, the smuggling trade had then acted as the main form ofeconomic exchange between Song and Liao. In the second stage, the field of monopoly isestablished stably, but because both sides had stipulated many forbidden objects, and strictlyprohibited these goods going beyond the Greatwall, simultaneously both sides demandedthese goods enormously, it became extremely rampant to smuggle forbidden goods.Smuggling trade between Song and Xia had last for a long time, the business volume isbig, and had significant influence to the bilateral economy. It was main form of economicalexchange between Song and Xia . Smuggling trade between Song and Xia could be analyzedfrom the below two aspects: One is Xia Dynasty to Song Dynasty 's smuggling, and thebiggest item smuggled was cyanine salt, two is the North?Song Dynasty to Xia Dynastysmuggling mainly is the silver money.Smuggling trade between South?Song Dynasty and the Jin Dynasty, the route ofsmuggling can be divided into two forms,land smuggling and sea smuggling. The landsmuggling was referred to such smuggling which was carried on crossing the land border. Thesea smuggling was referred to such smuggling that occurred through sea boat between thesoutheast coasta area of South?Song and Shandong.The reason that smuggling trade between Song and the Liao Xia Jin produced mainlylied in below ways: the interior commodity economical development within each politicalpower requested mutual economy exchange, and just depended on the monopoly field trade ,this exchange demand could not be satisfied. It was the objective reason that smugglingproduced;The contradiction between each political power's economy integration and thepolitical fission was the basic reason;All kinds of smuggling bodies wanted to get the largestprofit,which was the subjective reason that smuggling happened. Various levels of officialand political power neglect smuggling, even connived, this was the reason that smugglingwas continuously prosperous.Smuggling had various influence, reduced each political power's tax revenue, harassednormal economic order, also accelerated official's corruption. But simultaneously smugglingtrade met the life needs of various countries' people. Economical relation between the HanNationality area which was under the control of Song Dynasty and the border area which wascontrolled by minority political power was deepen,so cultural relation was. But within theboundaries of China these political power's economic and the cultural exchange, had alsoprepared the important condition for Yuan Dynasty's big unification.