Comment On The "Winter Study" Movement In The Anti-Japanese Base Areas

During Anti-Japanese War, the Chinese nation suffered greatly from it, and popular resistance became necessary. However, the cultural quality of Chinese rural people was very lower, which could not reach the demand of the Anti-Japanese War. This was particularly manifested in the anti-Japanese base areas that directly faced the war, such as the ones in the northwest, north, east and central areas of China. In order to consolidate the anti-Japanese base areas and repel the crazy aggression of Japanese imperialism, it was very necessary to carry out the education on Anti-Japanese War to the people who lived in the areas.The"Winter Study", as a historical and cultural tradition of northern China, developed quickly in the anti-Japanese base areas because it adapted to the requirement of the Anti-Japanese War education, the rule of north farmers'production, and the need of mobilizing the people, and leading the village by the Communist Party of China. Under the CPC's leadership, the"Winter Study"developed from reading education, and telling stories, to the great"Winter Study"Movement advocating all people to learn. The whole course was divided into four phases, which were beginning, development, consolidation and prosperity. After rising from"Shan-ganning"base area in 1937, it developed fast, and became a social education form that spread almost all anti-Japanese base areas including the base areas in northwest, North China, East China and the Central China in 1945. It made a tremendous contribution for the Anti-Japanese War and the People's War of Liberation and improving people's cultural quality.As a successful form of social education, the rapid development of the"Winter Study"Movement cannot succeed without the teaching method and the leading management way, both of which got increasingly mature. Combined with the current affairs and practice, the teaching was rich in the contents, forms and the methods; the leading management became in order and powerful because of the emphasis of voluntary principle. Of course, its final success also tightly linked with the review of the experiences and lessons during the developing process. These experiences still of much of significance to us today, and the lessons still need us to reflect on. This is conducive to China's current reform on education and the developing of the western region and the building of new socialist rural areas.